明清民国时期直豫晋鲁交界地区地域互动关系研究

【作者】 程森；

【导师】 王社教；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 历史地理学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 多个高层政区交界地区因界限犬牙相错,五方杂处,是各种“问题”聚集的场所,以故交界地区相关问题的研究是学术界探讨的重要内容,集中于北方农牧交错带和南方数省交界地区。多数研究者将这些交界地区视为一个整体,作为一个“区域”来对待,探讨这一区域之环境变迁、移民开发、盗贼倡乱、盐区变动等等,而缺乏对于交界内部各方之间的互动、交流之关注。本文认为各高层政区是一个个独立的政治功能区域,因各自归属、自然与社会资源的不同,交界地区内部各方会产生一些联系,形成诸多互动行为,本文称之为交界地区之地域互动。本文选取明清民国时期直豫晋鲁交界地区来具体考察交界地区之地域互动方式。这一地区毗邻明清民国时期之京畿地带,是一个典型的高层政区界限犬牙相错之地,在本文关注的时期内“问题”不断,这些问题突出地反映了交界地区的各种互动行为。本文具体从政区形成与调整、盗贼倡乱、水利开发、灾害调适、交通设施管理和信仰文化扩散等几个个案来分析这一交界地区之地域互动。通过这些个案之“深厚”分析,本文最终验证并归纳了交界地区之地域互动机制。交界地区之地域互动包括空间互动和社会互动,空间互动导源于两种空间关系——水平关系与垂直关系,交界地区空间互动于是分为水平互动与垂直互动。水平互动是指地方之间的互动,有着尺度变化,可以是不同行政归属的村落之间、县际之间、省际之间、流域上下游之间的互动等等。垂直互动是指地方州县与高于或独立于其上的作用力量(如军事组织、国家等)之间的互动。空间互动通过交界地区交通、水系和各种流(人流、物流、信息流等)的作用得以完成。“抽象”的空间互动必然要通过“具体”的社会互动来实现。交界地区社会互动因涉及不同政区之间互动的空间尺度问题,以合作型互动和冲突型互动为主要表征。归纳起来,交界地区社会互动包括合作、援助、协调、竞争、冲突等内容。交界地区因政区归属和自然环境的不同形成空间互动,空间互动最终落到交界各方所“聚合”的人群、社会,形成社会互动,二者互为表里,最终形成交界地区的地域互动。地域互动造就了交界地区的变动性、边缘性和政治敏感性,于是交界地区在传统时代倍受关注。同时,通过分析交界地区的诸多互动行为与“界”的关系,本文认为新区域地理和最近史学界所认为的“区域”、“界”是变动不居的、模糊的观点并非绝对。以本文来看,界是固定的,规塑着交界各方民众之行为,界的固有性又导致了交界各方地域互动的出现,而地域互动又反证界之固定性,二者相辅相成。我们应关注区、界内外活生生的人群及其活动,和这些活动对于区域、界之塑造、扰动的“事实”,而不应纠结于区域、界是变与不变。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the interlocking boundaries, border areas gathered all sorts of "problem", which makes it to be a important content of academic discussion focused on the north of farming-pastoral region and some border areas in the southern provinces. Most researchers treat these border regions to be a whole or a "region", researched the environmental change, immigration development, robbers, salt region change in this region etc, but lack of paying attention to the interaction and internal communication in these border areas. This paper argues that each senior administrative zone is a independent political function region, because of the different of their ownership, natural and social resources, it will produce some contact, and form many interactive behavior in internal parties in the border area, called "regional interaction" in the border area.This article will give a specific investigation of regional interactive manner in the border area by selecting Zhi Yu Jin Lu(直豫晋鲁)border area from Ming and Qing dynasty to the republic of china. This area adjacent to the political center of China in these period, where produced much "problems" which reflect the various interactive behavior in the border area. This paper also will discuss several cases to analyze the regional interaction in border area, such as the formation and administrative adjustment, robbers, water conservancy development, disasters adjustment, traffic facilities management and the diffusion of beliefs etc.This paper validated and summarizes the interacting mechanism of the border area by anglicizing these cases "deeply". The regional interaction includes space interaction and social interaction. Space interaction originated two kinds of spatial relations——horizontal relationship and vertical relationship, so the space interaction divided into horizontal interaction and vertical interaction. Horizontal interaction refers to the interaction between places——such as the villages, counties, provinces, upstream and downstream of a river with different administrative ownership which has scale variations. Vertical interaction is the interaction between the local county or state and the entity power higher than it (such as Army/Military organization, country, etc). Space interaction is finished by the transportation, water system and various flows (abortion, logistics, information, etc) in border area. Through the "concrete" social interaction "abstract" space interaction must to be achieved. Because of the space scale of the interaction between different administrative in the border area, the cooperative interaction and conflict type interaction in social interaction to be the main characterization. It summed up that the social interaction including cooperation, assistance, coordination, competition and conflict in border area, etc.Because of the different in natural environment and ownership creating space interaction in border area, which forming social interaction by "polymerizing" the crowd and society, this eventually forming regional interaction in the border area. Regional interactive made variation, marginal and political sensitivity in the border area, so that people pay more attention to the border area in traditional period. Meanwhile, through the analysis of the relations between interactive behavior and "bound" in the border area, this paper argues that the new regional geography and recent historians consider the point of view that "regional", "bound" is fluctuant, fuzzy is not absolute. Boundaries which restrain people’s behavior between border parties is fixed, which led to the emergence of regional interaction between the parties of border area, and regional interaction proves the immobility of the boundary again. We must pay attention to the live crowd and their activities inside or outside the area and bound, and the "facts" of these activities which disturbance region and bound, but should not tangle with changing or not of region and bound.更多还原