【作者】 张金圈；

【导师】 储泽祥；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 本文以汉语中的偏正性“单音方位词+单音动词”结构为研究对象,主要采用形式、语义、语用多角度验证的方法,对单音方位词与单音动词的组配情况、制约二者组配的因素、二者之间的语义关系、结构的语用价值、语体特征、对举形式以及历史发展情况和词汇化等问题进行了较为全面的考察、分析。文章共分为八章,现将各章主要内容简介如下：第一章对本文的研究对象、研究方法及前人的相关研究成果进行了简单的介绍。第二章对现代汉语中单音方位词和单音动词偏正性组配的基本情况进行了描写。考察发现,单音方位词和单音动词的组配能力远远超出人们的预期,很多看似难以接受的组配实例在特定的语境中都可以成立。同时,单音方位词和单音动词内部的不同成员之间在构成偏正性“单音方位词+单音动词”结构的能力上存在着明显的不平衡性：就单音方位词而言,“内、外”与单音动词的组配能力最强,“里”最弱；就单音动词而言,位移动词与单音方位词的组配能力总体上要强于非位移动词。第三章首先对单音方位词与单音动词之间的语义关系进行了分析。考察发现,单音方位词不仅可以表示方向或处所,其与单音动词之间还可以是多种复杂的语义关系。偏正性“单音方位词+单音动词”结构虽然形式简单,但却具有强大的语义包容性,只要某种动作行为表示的语义情境中涉及到某种方位要素,且该方位要素被凸显,表示该方位要素的单音方位词就可能与表该动作行为的单音动词组合成偏正性的“单音方位词+单音动词”结构。其次,本章还从语义角度探讨了制约单音方位词和单音动词组配的条件,包括单音方位词与单音动词的语义关系、单音动词的位移特征、空间性、语义单纯性等对组配的制约,最后提出“语义和谐”是决定组配形式能否成立的核心原则。第四章考察了偏正性“单音方位词+单音动词”结构的语体特征。该结构具有强烈的书面语倾向,极少出现在口语语体中；同时,它还对文本的内容具有较强的选择性,主要出现在与体育语域相关的操作说明类语篇中。该结构的语体特征也在一定程度上影响着单音方位词和单音动词的选择组配,一般来说,口语性强的单音动词难以进入偏正性的“单音方位词+单音动词”结构。第五章通过与“介词+方位词+动词”结构的比较讨论了偏正性“单音方位词+单音动词”结构的语用价值。偏正性“单音方位词+单音动词”结构作为一种特定的结构形式,具有自身特有的语用价值。主要表现为以下几点：1.指称化。偏正性“单音方位词+单音动词”结构除了述谓功能之外,在很多场合还可以用于对某种动作行为或动作行为的论元成分进行指称。2.属性化。很多偏正性“单音方位词+单音动词”结构具有区别词的功能,表示事物在某种方位上的属性。3.经济性。与“介词+单方+单动”结构相比,偏正性“单方+单动”结构在形式上更加简短、经济。第六章考察了偏正性“单音方位词+单音动词”结构的对举形式。对举作为一种语法手段,具有功能增殖的作用,可以使一些难以成立的偏正性“单音方位词+单音动词”形式获得合法地位。一些偏正性“单音方位词+单音动词”结构的对举形式由于形式稳定、使用频率高,在一定程度上实现了构式化。第七章首先考察了偏正性“单音方位词+单音动词”结构的历史发展情况。该结构贯穿于整个汉语发展史,从先秦时期一直到现代汉语中,其最主要的语法功能一直是作谓语,单音方位词也一直是主要用来表示动作行为的目标方向。同时,其在某些方面也发生了较大的变化,主要体现为到现代汉语中,该结构出现了明显的属性化倾向,很多具体结构形式与区别词功能类似,可以自由地充当定语。其次,对偏正性“单音方位词+单音动词”结构的词汇化问题进行了探讨,认为制约该结构词汇化的条件包括以下几个方面：1.单音方位词作状语功能的弱化；2.汉语的双音化和韵律制约；3.语义透明度的降低和语义的特异化；4.单音动词的弱及物性。本章还提出了词汇化过程中的“结构独立性原则”这一理论假设。第八章对全文进行了总结,指出了研究中存在的不足及后续研究的设想。更多还原

【Abstract】 This dissertation takes the modification construction "Monosyllabic Location Words+ Monosyllabic Verbs" ("ML+MV" construction) as a research object. With the method of multi-angle verifing of form, semantic and pragmatic, the paper does a comprehensive study of the following points:the overall situation of "ML+MV" combination; the factors which constraint "ML+MV" combination; the semantic relationship between ML and MV; the pragmatic value, the stylistic feature, the antithetical form, the historical development and the lexicalization of "ML+MV" construction, etc.The thesis is divided into eight chapters, and the content of each chapter is as following:ChapterⅠbriefly introduces the object of this study, the research methodology and the results of previous related research.ChapterⅡdescribes the basic situation of "ML+MV" combination. The investigation reveals that the combination capacity of ML and MV is far more than expected, and a lot of combination instances seemingly difficult to match are acceptable in a particular context. Meanwhile, there is apparent imbalance among the abilities of different members of ML and MV to construct "ML+MV" combination. As to the MLs, "nei(内)、wai(外)"has the strongest abilities to combine with MV, while "li(里)"has the weakest ability. As to the MVs, the combination ability of motion verbs to ML is more superior to non-motion verbs as a whole.ChapterⅢanalyzes the semantic relationship between ML and MV. It reveals that not only ML can represent the direction or location of action and behavior, but the semantic relationship between ML and MV can also be more complex. Although the "ML+MV" construction is simple in form, it has a strong semantic inclusion. As long as the semantic context expressed by some action and behavior involves some highlighted location factors, the ML if indicating the location factors is possible to modify the MV. This chapter also discusses the constraints from the semantic point, such as the semantic relations between ML and MV, the "motion" and "spatial" features of MV. And finally the "semantic harmony" is set as the core principle determining the establishment of "ML+MV" construction.Chapter IV investigates the stylistic features of the "ML+MV" construction. The construction has a strong tendency to be used in written formal texts, rather than in colloquial texts. Furthermore, it also has a strong selectivity to the contents of the text, say, mainly used in procedural discourse related to sports register. Stylistic features of the construction also affect the combination of ML and MV to some extent. Generally speaking, the MVs mainly used in colloquial texts are difficult to enter the "ML+MV" construction. Chapter V discusses the pragmatic value of "ML+MV" construction by comparing with "Preposition+Location word+Verb" construction. As a specific structure, "ML+MV" construction has its own unique pragmatic values as follows:1. Referring. In addition to predication function, "ML+MV" construction can also refer to action and behavior or arguments of verbs.2. Attributing. Many "ML+MV" constructions have the same function as Modifying Words, expressing some locational property of things.3. Economizing. Compared to "Preposition+Location word+Verb" construction, "ML+MV" construction is more economic and concise in form.Chapter VI studies the antithetical form of "ML+MV" construction. As a special grammatical mean, the antithetical form is able to endow the construction with a new function. It can legitimate some "ML+MV" constructions which are difficult to be accepted in general situations. Some antithetical forms of "ML+MV" constructions have achieved constructization because of their stable form and high frequency of use.Chapter VII investigates the historical development of "ML+MV" construction. It is proved that from pre-Qin period to modern Chinese time, the most important grammatical function of the construction is a predicate and the ML indicates the direction of moving actions. At the same time, the construction also experienced some great changes, especially in modern Chinese, for example, many "ML+MV" constructions, which in the course of time have obtained modification function, can serve as attributives. This chapter also studies the lexicalization of "ML+MV" construction, and works out the following constraints:1. Weakening of ML’s function from a predicate to an adverbial; 2. Demanding of Double-syllablization and rhythm of the Chinese language; 3. Reducing of semantic transparency and semantic specificity; 4. Degrading of verb transitivity. This chapter also presents a theoretical assumption, i.e. "structural principle of independence" in lexicalization.Chapter VIII summarizes the whole text, and points out the shortcomings of the paper as well as the future research ideas.更多还原