海外中国公民安全保护问题研究

【作者】 陶莎莎；

【导师】 宫力；

【作者基本信息】 中共中央党校 ， 国际政治， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 在外交和国际关系中,国家利益是最核心的概念,维护和实现国家利益被认为是任何国家外交的出发点和落脚点。随着中国的改革开放和经济全球化的深入发展,中国的国家利益不断向外扩展,海外利益在中国国家利益结构中的地位呈上升趋势。在中国的海外利益中,绝大部分涉及普通公民在国外的切身利益与合法权益,维护他们的生命、财产安全成为中国外交工作的基本职责所在。近年来中国公民在海外遭遇的安全问题日益复杂和严峻,保障海外中国公民的安全成为维护中国国家利益和中国海外利益的重要内容,是新时期中国外交面临的一项重要研究议题。中国政府对海外中国公民安全状况的密切关注与重视反映出中国外交政策从国家中心主义到关注公民个人权益的战略转变,体现了“以人为本、执政为民”的执政理念,与世界人本化的进步潮流相契合,是中国外交、内政与国际环境、国际体系之间良性互动的结果。本文主要分为四个部分。第一部分,论述了国际上保护海外公民的相关理论与主要做法并对其进行评价,以为海外中国公民安全保护的相关理论和实践提供借鉴意义。第二部分开始切入论文的写作主题。对海外中国公民相关概念和海外中国公民安全保护的相关概念作出界定。第三部分,主要从国际关系和中国外交的角度,对晚清时期、民国、新中国至改革开放以来海外中国公民安全保护的历史逻辑与制度变迁进行了梳理,并总结其中的经验、教训。第四部分对当前中国政府的海外中国公民安全保护政策提出了对策建议,使对海外中国公民的安全保护工作更好地服从和服务于中国的总体外交战略与国家发展大局。论文第一章通过对海外利益中公民安全保护的相关理论与实践的阐述,从国际法、国际关系、中国外交等多维视角出发,结合国际体系的社会建构作用、国家定位和国际关系中的权力因素、国家利益观念的认知变化等,最终尝试为海外中国公民安全保护问题提供一个理论分析框架。第二章首先从公民和中国公民的概念入手,引出对海外中国公民的界定。通过仔细区分华侨、华人等易混淆的相关概念来加深对海外中国公民这一概念的理解。其次,为了更好的突出对中国公民进行安全保护的重要性,文章一方面从国家利益的概念,国家利益的产生、发展和变化,国家利益的层次构成和国家利益的性质四个方面进行论述,进而引申出海外中国公民在中国海外利益中的重要地位;另一方面,通过总结海外中国公民面临的主要安全风险来源和安全风险变化,再次突出对海外公民进行安全保护的现实紧迫性与必要性,并最终归纳出海外中国公民安全保护的概念。第三四章从中国政府对海外中国公民实行安全保护政策的历史逻辑与制度变迁方面进一步论证第二章的理论框架。主要梳理了晚清、民国、新中国至改革开放以来的海外中国公民安全保护政策,重点梳理了改革开放以后,特别是20世纪90年代至新世纪以来中国政府对海外中国公民的安全保护政策。通过描述不同时期中国政府对海外中国公民实行安全保护的时代背景与特点,总结其中的外交思想、相关机制建设中的经验、教训,以为当前中国政府的海外中国公民安全保护政策提出可供参考的建议。论文第五章论述了中国政府当前对海外中国公民安全保护的现状与特点,通过总结出国内外对中国政府海外中国公民安全保护政策的评价,最终尝试为海外中国公民的安全保护政策提供一些对策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 In diplomacy and international relations, national interest is the core concept. Safeguarding and realizing the national interests is considered to be the starting and ending point for every country’s diplomacy. With China’s reform and opening up and deepening of economic globalization, China’s national interests continue to expand outward, and overseas interests take on an upward trend in the structure of China’s national interests. In China’s overseas interests, the vital interests and legitimate rights of citizens are involved. Therefore, protecting the securities of their lives and property has been the basic duty of China’s diplomatic work.In recent years, overseas Chinese citizens increasingly suffered a number of complex and serious security problems. Protecting the security of these Chinese becomes an important part of China’s national and overseas interest. And it also becomes an important issue for China’s diplomacy in the new period. Chinese government pay more attention to the security situation of overseas Chinese citizens reflecting the strategic changes of China’s foreign policy from concerning about the overall national interests to the rights of individual citizens. All of these embody the concept of“put people first and do diplomacy for the people”, agreeing with the world progressive trend of humanization.The thesis is divided into four parts. In the first part, we introduce and appraise the general theories and practices of protecting overseas citizens on security in the world, for the relevant theoretical and practical reference in the protection of overseas Chinese citizens. The second part begins to cut into the main topics of the thesis. In the third part, from the perspectives of international relation and China’s diplomacy, this thesis sort out the historical logic and institutional change of the four periods, Qing Dynasty, the Republic of China,New China and the reform and opening up for the security protections of overseas Chinese. By summing up the experiences and lessons of them, we can provide suggests for China’s protection policy of overseas Chinese citizens on security in the future. So that the protection works of overseas Chinese on security can services China’s overall diplomatic strategy and national development better. The forth part, provide suggests for China’s protection policy of overseas Chinese citizens on security in the future. So that the protection works of overseas Chinese on security can services China’s overall diplomatic strategy and national development better.First of all, through introducing the theories and practices of protecting overseas citizens on security, the second chapter tries to provide a theoretical research framework for the protection of overseas Chinese citizens on security, from the multi-dimensional perspectives of international law, international relation and Chinese foreign policy.Secondly, starting with the concepts of citizen and Chinese citizen, the second chapter of this thesis follows up with the definition of overseas Chinese citizens. By distinguishing between overseas Chinese and other confusing concepts, we can understand its definition deeply. Secondly, in order to highlight the importance of protecting overseas Chinese citizens on security, on the one hand, this chapter expounds its views from four aspects, they are concept of national interests, generation, development and change of national interests, level constitutes of national interests and the nature of national interests. On the other hand, by summarizing the main risk sources and risk changes of overseas Chinese citizens on security, the chapter points out the urgency and necessity of protecting overseas Chinese citizens on security once again and ultimately leads to the concept of protecting overseas Chinese citizens on security.The third and forth chapter expounds and proves the theoretical framework of chapterⅡthrough the historical logic and institutional change of China’s protection policy of overseas Chinese citizens on security. This thesis sorts out the China’s protection policy of overseas Chinese citizens on security since reform and opening up, especially the years after 1990s. By describing characteristics of background at different periods and summing up the experiences and lessons of them, we can provide suggests for China’s protection policy of overseas Chinese citizens on security in the future.In the context of comparative studies, through discussing the current situation and features of China’s protection policy of overseas Chinese citizens, we try to provide suggestions for the protection of overseas Chinese citizens on security in the last chapter.更多还原