中国共产党社会发展理论研究

【作者】 陈聚芳；

【导师】 王怀超；

【作者基本信息】 中共中央党校 ， 科学社会主义， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 自中国共产党诞生以来,中国社会的发展主要由两条历史洪流汇合而成。一方面,今天的中国是历史的中国的延续,历史悠久的传统文化对中国社会潜移默化的影响无处不在;另一方面,近现代席卷世界的社会主义运动对中国社会的发展影响剧烈。这两种因素交织在一起,在中国共产党领导下,中国最终走上了具有自己特色的社会主义道路。今逢中国共产党诞生九十周年之际,回顾、总结中国共产党领导中国社会发展的历程与经验,研究中国共产党的社会发展理论,有助于我们深入了解中国社会的发展轨迹,系统总结中国发展的历史经验,以利于今后中国社会的快速、协调、全面和可持续发展。从思想源泉看,中国共产党的社会发展理论主要有三个来源:(1)中国古代的社会发展思想是中国共产党社会发展理论产生和践行的文化背景。(2)在本质属性上,中国共产党社会发展理论是马克思主义的重要组成部分。马克思、恩格斯的社会发展思想奠定了中国共产党社会发展理论的思想基础;列宁、斯大林的社会发展思想对中国共产党社会发展理论产生了直接的重大的影响。(3)近现代世界的各种发展观为中国共产党社会发展理论提供了重要的思想材料。本文对上述三方面内容进行了专门的研究论述。从发展历程看,九十年来,中国共产党的社会发展理论经历了一个长期、曲折的发展历程。(1)早期中国共产党人继承了鸦片战争以来,中华民族仁人志士救亡图存的爱国理念,以马克思主义为指导来探索中国的出路。他们认为中国革命是世界无产阶级革命的一部分,中国的未来是要建设共产主义社会。遵义会议后,以毛泽东为代表的中国共产党人认识到,认清国情是解决中国一切问题的前提,建立中华民族的新社会和新国家是中国共产党人的奋斗目标;中国社会的发展必须由中国共产党来领导,人民大众是推动中国社会发展的动力,从新民主主义社会到社会主义社会是中国社会发展的前景。(2)新中国成立之后,以毛泽东为核心的党的第一代领导集体分析了世界发展的态势,认为中国正处于一个大变动时期,只有社会主义才能救中国。在“建设一个伟大的社会主义国家”奋斗目标的统领下,在发展道路上,中国经历了一个由“以俄为师”到“以苏为鉴,努力寻找中国建设社会主义具体道路”的探索过程;在建设过程中,毛泽东逐步认识到,社会主义是“一个很大的未被认识的必然王国”,于是对社会主义社会的本质、发展阶段、矛盾运动、发展动力等进行了一系列研究。由于各种原因,以毛泽东为核心的党的第一代领导集体始终在经济建设和政治建设之间徘徊摇摆,最终政治斗争压倒了经济建设,中国社会的发展出现了严重挫折。(3)改革开放开创了中国社会发展的新时期,中国共产党的社会发展理论在实践中经历了一个由不完善到比较完善的过程。以邓小平为核心的党的第二代领导集体在和平与发展成为时代主题的条件下,针对世界发展呈现的许多新特点,立足于中国社会主义初级阶段的基本国情,强调要“走自己的路,建设有中国特色的社会主义”。邓小平确定了中国“三步走”的发展战略和两大文明都要搞好的战略布局,领导中国进行了经济,政治、文化体制的全面改革,找到了中国社会发展的真正动力,制订了“三个有利于”的社会发展评判标准,并提出了“抓住机遇,发展自己”的中国发展机遇论。以江泽民为核心的党的第三代领导集体深化了邓小平的社会发展思想。江泽民认为,世界各国应该主动迎接全球化和知识经济的挑战,共创一个和平繁荣的新世纪。在这个背景下,江泽民对中国特色社会主义道路作了更加明确的规定,确定了全面建设小康社会的奋斗目标和三大文明协调发展的总体布局,实施了科教兴国、西部大开发和可持续发展战略,对中国社会发展的领导力量和依靠力量进行了的新思考,提出了充满时代气息的创新动力论。进入新世纪新阶段,以胡锦涛为总书记的党中央回顾了改革开放以来关于中国社会发展的各种争论,指出改革开放以来中国取得一切成绩和进步的根本原因,就在于开辟了中国特色社会主义道路,形成了中国特色社会主义理论体系。胡锦涛分析了中国社会发展的阶段性特征,提出要以科学发展观统领中国经济社会发展的全局,确立了全面、协调、可持续发展的科学理念,实现了中国共产党发展理念上的创新。在科学发展观统领下,中国形成了经济、政治、文化、社会、生态五大文明协调发展的总体布局,实施了人才强国、建设创新型国家、建设社会主义新农村等发展战略。胡锦涛强调,中国要始终不渝地走和平发展道路,和世界各国人民一道,为努力建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界而奋斗。论文最后概括了中国共产党社会发展理论基本内容。择其大要有:把实现国家富强和人民幸福作为中国社会发展的目标;中国社会发展的实质是国家现代化;中国社会发展的理念是以人为本;走自己的路,建设具有中国特色的社会主义;中国社会的发展是自然、社会和人的协调发展与全面进步;中国社会发展归根到底要依靠生产力的提高和经济的发展;改革开放是推动中国社会发展的重要动力;坚定不移地走和平发展道路。这些内容构成了中国共产党社会发展理论的基本骨架。中国共产党对社会发展孜孜不倦的求索,给了我们许多宝贵的经验与启示。这些经验主要是:中国社会发展必须有一个坚强的领导核心,这个核心只能由中国共产党来担任;必须始终坚持社会主义的发展方向,社会主义社会要不断进行改革;要坚持用科学的发展理论作指导;要断解放思想,开拓创新,始终保持一种积极进取的精神状态;边实践、边总结,不断进行理论创新,是中国社会顺利发展的重要保证;人民群众是推进中国社会发展的根本动力;要把中国社会的发展融入世界发展的大趋势之中。希望这些经验有助于增强中国社会发展的前瞻性,减少中国社会发展的代价,迎接中国社会发展的光辉前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the inception of the Chinese Communist Party, China’s social development is mainly formed by the confluence of the mighty current .On the one hand, today’s China is the historical China’s extension, the history glorious traditional culture has a subtle influence on Chinese society everywhere;On the other hand, near modern age the socialist movement sweeping the world had a strong influence to China’s social development.These two factors are intertwined, under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, China finally stepped onto the road of socialism with its own characteristics.Now meets the Communist Party of China to be born time the 90th anniversary,Review the course and summarizes the experience of the China social development led by the CPC,studies Communist Party of China’s social development theory, can help us to more understands the path of China’s development profoundly ,enhance the ability of the Communist Party of China to see clearly the social development tendency to achieve sound and rapid development of Chinese society.Looked from the thought fountainhead, China’s Communist Party’s social development theory has three main sources:(1) the Chinese ancient times’s social development thought was the cultural context which the Communist Party of China social development theory produced and fulfills.(2) in the essential nature, the Communist Party of China social development theory is an important part of Marxism.Marx, Engels’s social development thought has laid solid foundation for the Communist Party of China social development theory; Lenin, Stalin’s social development thought has had the direct significant influence to the Communist Party of China social development theory. (3) The various social development view of modern and contemporary world has provided the important thought material for the Communist Party of China social development theory.This article has carried on the special research to the above three aspect content.Looking from the development process, for 90 years, the Chinese Communist Party theory of social development has the different content in the different historical stage.(1)The early Chinese Communists have inherited the lofty patriotic ideas that save the nation from subjugation of the Chinese nation people since the Opium War, they take the Marxism as a guide to explore China’s way out.They thought that the Chinese revolution is part of the world proletarian revolution,China’s future will be must construct the communist society.After the Zunyi Conference, represented by Mao Zedong’s Chinese communists recognized that clearly recognized the national condition is the prerequisite to solve all problems in China, the goal of the Chinese communities is to create a new society and new Chinese national. Mao Zedong believed that China’s Communist Party is the leading force in China’s social development,Masses of the people is the great power to promote social development in China,From the new democratic society to socialist society is the prospect of China’s social development.(2)After new China was established,Mao Zedong at the core of the party’s first generation of central collective leadership has analyzed the world development situation,thought that China is in a period of great change, and only socialism can save China.Under the command of the goal of the "build a great socialist country",in the path of development,based on the Soviet Union’s lessons ,China experienced one from to copy Soviet Union to trying to find a specific road of building socialism in China in the process;In the development strategically, carried on the technological revolution and the cultural revolution,implemented the "Great Leap Forward" as a symbol of the catch-up type of strategy.In the construction process, Mao Zedong gradually realized that socialism is "a very big realm of necessity which had not been known",so he has conducted a series of research to the socialism’s essence,socialist society’s development stage and contradiction, socialist society’s development power. As a result of each kind of reason, with Mao Zedong at the core of the party’s first generation of collective leadership has always Wandering and swing between economic and political construction,but Political struggle eventually overwhelm the economic construction and China’ssocial development appeared the twists and turns. (3)the reform and opening up to create a new period of development of Chinese society, the Chinese Communist Party’s social development theory obtained the system the consummation and the scientific style gradually in practice.In the theme of peace and development under the conditions of the times,the world’s development has presented many new characteristics,based on the primary stage of socialism in China’s basic national conditions, Deng Xiaoping as the core of the party’s second generation of central collective leadership stressed that wants to" go its own way, building socialism with Chinese characteristics."Deng Xiaoping had determined "three-step" development strategy and two great civilizations both must do well strategic layout,led China to carry on the economy, political, the cultural system’s full-scale reform,found a new impetus to China’s social development,drawn up a "three benefits" criteria of social development,And proposed“the use opportunity, develops itself”China development opportunity theory.Led the collective leadership take Jiang Zemin as the core party’s third generation to deepen Deng Xiaoping’s social development thought.Jiang Zemin believed that various countries should take the initiative to meet the challenges of globalization and the knowledge economy, to create a peaceful and prosperous new century.In this context,Jiang Zemin has made a more explicit stipulation to the Chinese characteristic socialist road, determined the comprehensive construction affluent society’s goal and three major civilizations coordinated development entire distribution, implemented the rely on science and education to rejuvenate the nation, the western big development and the sustainable development strategy,carried on the new ponder to China social development’s leadership ability and the dependence strength,Proposed fills with the current relevance the innovation power theory.Enters the new stage of new century ,Party Central Committee with Hu Jintao as general secretary reviewed each kind of argument about China social development since the reform and opening up,Pointed out that since the reform and open policy China has made all progresses and the progress basic reason, lies in opened the Chinese characteristic socialist road, has formed the Chinese characteristic socialism system info.Hu Jintao has analyzed the China social development gradual characteristic, proposed that must command the overall situation by the scientific development concept to guide overall economic and social development in China,and achieved the innovation in the concept of Communist Party of China to develop.Under the command of the scientific concept of development,China has formed the economical, political, cultural, social, the ecology five big civilization coordinated development overall layout,implemented such development strategy as the talented person powerful nation, the construction innovation country and building a socialist new countryside.Hu Jintao stressed that China must unswervingly take the road of peaceful development,with the people of the other countries in the world together, to construct the lasting peace, the common prosperity harmonious world to struggle diligently.The paper summarized the basic content of the China Communist Party‘s social development theory finally. Selects it to have greatly; it’s goal is Realizes the country to be prosperous and powerful and the people happily; China social development’s essence is the national modernization; China social development’s idea is humanist; Takes own road, constructs has the Chinese characteristic socialism; The Chinese society’s development is the nature, social and person’s coordinated development and the comprehensive progress; China social development must depend upon the productive forces the enhancement and the economical development in the final analysis; The reform and open policy is promotes China social development the important power; Takes peace development path steadfastly. These contents constituted the basic skeleton of the Communist Party of China social development theory.The Communist Party of China to social development seeking diligently, has given us many precious experiences and the enlightenment. It is, China social development must have a strong core of leadership, this core can only hold the post by the Communist Party of China; Must insist throughout socialism the development direction, the socialist society must carry on the reform unceasingly; Must insist that makes the instruction with the science development theory; Must break emancipates the mind, the development innovation, maintains one positive enterprising state of mind throughout; On the one hand practices, on the other hand summarizes, carries on the theory innovation unceasingly, is the important guarantee of Chinese society smooth development; People are the basic power to advance China social development; Must integrate the Chinese society’s development the world development in the general trend. Hoped that these experiences are helpful in strengthening China social development foresightedness, reduces China social development the price, greets China social development the glory prospect.更多还原