【作者】 谢冰雪；

【导师】 赵利生；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 民族学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 发源于西倾山支脉的洮河不仅是黄河上游最大的支流,而且其因为居于甘、青、川三省的交界之地,作为西北汉藏聚合、农牧过渡、东进西出、南连北往的重要门户而倍显重要。在历史上,这片“化外之地”曾是羌族的聚居地,而后在数千年的历史进程中,洮河流域各地经历了建置多变的纷繁岁月,如今其中游、上游流域是甘肃藏族的主要聚居区之一。生存在这里的藏族村落中存在一种成为“沙尼”(拉丁转译：Sha Nye)的传统民间组织,它类似于汉族家族性质的血缘性组织,具备了汉族家族的所有因素：以男性血缘系统为传承的主体；以家庭为最基本单位；聚族而居有相对稳定的区域；有共同祭祀的对象从而形成精神的凝聚。然而,相比较汉族家族而言,它有着丰富的类型：以血缘关系为纽带结合而成的亲房沙尼；在土司时期因买卖田地而至今传承下来的田地沙尼：在新时期因互助需要而结合而成的新型互助沙尼。而后两者的出现超越了“以血缘作为维系边界”的汉族家族范围,成为名副其实的“扩大的家族”。本文即围绕洮河流域的“沙尼”展开,通过充分的调查之后,其撰写的行文主要分为以下几个部分：1.沙尼的分布空间,包括自然空间、历史空间、社会空间等角度对沙尼分布区域的社会作详细介绍；2.在历史视野下通过对制度空间异同之比较来探讨沙尼的由来与形成路径；3.从与汉族家族结构比较的角度描写沙尼之独特组织结构；4.沙尼中的仪式与仪式中的沙尼；5通过对日常的微观情境描写来表现沙尼的互动模式；6.沙尼在现代社会中的适应与变迁。笔者试图通过这几部分的描写来展现洮河流域藏族社会中沙尼组织的全貌以弥补当今对其研究之空白,同时,通过对沙尼在藏族农村社区中所扮演角色和发挥功效的研究,来探讨当代少数民族社区的建设和整合问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 Taohe, the biggest tributary of the Yellow River in the upper reaches, is located in the border region of Gansu Province, Qinghai Province and Sichuan Province. The source of it can be traced to a branch range of the Xiqing Mountains. It is especially as important as the gateway for the national amalgamation of the Han and the Tibetan in northwest, for the transition from agriculture to animal husbandry, for association between the east and the west, the north and the south. Moreover, it is one of the main Tibetan inhabited regions in Gansu in the middle and upper reaches after experiencing continual great changes of administrative division in the thousands of years in history since it used to be the settlement of the Qiang people as an uncivilized area.There is Sha Nye-Latin is Sha Nye-a traditional folk organization which is similar to the blood ---relationship organization like family of the Han people in the Tibetan villages in the Taohe Basin, satisfying all the factors of family of the Han people: reproduction mainly based on the paternal line; the family is the basic unit; living together as a clan in fixed areas; sharing same object of sacrifice to form spiritual cohesion. However, comparing to the family of the Han people, there are more types of it:Sha Nye of lineage characterized by the bond of blood---relationship; Sha Nye of farmland characterized by the transactions of land in Tusi period; Sha Nye of mutual cooperation characterized by the needs of mutual aid in new period. The latter two are genuine extended family because they beyond the scope of the family of the Han people which is supported by and bounded in blood relationship.According to the adequate survey, this dissertation analyses Sha Nye in Taohe Basin in the following sections:a detailed introduction of society in the areas where Sha Nye live in the perspective of Sha Nye’s natural space, historical space and societal space; analysis on origin and formation path of Sha Nye in the perspective of comparing similarities and dissimilarities between different institutional space in the history; description of unique organization structure of Sha Nye by comparing to what of the Han family; ceremony of Sha Nye and Sha Nye in the ceremony; display of interaction mode of Sha Nye through describing daily microcosmic circumstances; adaptation and vicissitudes of Sha Nye in the modern society. All the sections try to present a panorama of Sha Nye organization in the Tibetan society in Taohe Basin to fill the gap in the research, as well as study the role it plays in the rural community of the Tibetan to explore the construction and integration of modern minority community.更多还原