【作者】 张天懿；

【导师】 金彦平；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 农林经济管理， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 农业曾是促使人类从蒙昧时代走向第一次文明的最重要推动力。由于自然和社会经济条件的不同,我国农业发展水平存在明显的地域差异,东南沿海地区由传统生存型农业向现代农业的转变过程较快,并对其他地区的农业发展起到导向和示范作用。天津市是我国经济发展水平最高的大城市之一,也是我国最具建成国际化大都市潜力的城市区域之一。就农业生产的土地资源和农业总产出量而言,天津不是农业大市,耕地面积仅占全国的0.2%,在我国内地31个省、自治区和直辖市中比重排名靠后。但就农业经济技术水平和单位效率比较,天津却称得上我国的农业强市,粮食单位面积产量、农民人均纯收入、农产品商品率等均位居全国前例,天津市农业的许多现代发展理念、生产经营方式、管理手段等对其他地区的农业发展起到了良好的导向和示范作用。随着我国国民经济的进一步发展,未来天津市现代农业如何发展才能适应城市化的进程,实现城乡和谐发展,是众多学者和研究者面前的又一个需要研究的急迫问题,需要进一步对其开展更多的研究和探讨。全文总体研究思路：第一,从农业发展的内涵及相关概念出发,概述并总结了国内外农业发展的相关理论依据,为下文进一步讨论天津市农业发展问题奠定了理论基础。第二,在回顾天津市农业发展现状的基础上,结合天津市的统计数据,从大农业的主要农产品的角度,分析了天津市各区县农业发展的比较优势。指出天津市农业的产业布局：城市农业观光圈,近郊特色农业发展圈,远郊平原农业发展圈。第三,本文基于前面的研究基础,运用随机前沿生产模型,从种植业和养殖业两个方面对天津市农业的技术效率进行了实证研究,利用近10年十多个城市在小麦,粳稻,玉米,大棚黄瓜和西红柿,大规模生猪,中等规模奶牛,大规模蛋鸡以及淡水鱼的面板数据分析了天津市农业中种植业和养殖业主要农产品的技术效率,指出技术进步对天津市农业的影响。研究结果表明：天津市农业的发展中,技术进步起了很大作用。农业技术效率的提高源于生产要素质量的改善,以及科技创新在生产各环节中的应用,以比从前少的生产资料生产出数量相同的产品,或以从前数量相同的生产资料生产出更多的产品。技术进步导致技术效率的提高,是现代经济增长的主要动力。效率测算的结果表明,总体上看,天津市农业综合效率、规模效率、技术效率都在逐年改善,其农业可持续发展能力在增强。在农业发展存在的问题方面,在这十年间,天津市对农业的经济功能和社会功能关注程度较高,而对生态功能的关注与投入力度不够,科技创新和技术效率有待加强。最后,基于以上实证研究,本文从政策层面、操作层面提出了促进天津市农业发展的若干对策建议,以期为进一步研究不同区域、不同城市的农业发展状况奠定基础,为推进现代农业的实践提供科学依据。加强政府对农业的保护和支持力度,改善现代农业设施装备,为推动天津市农业的发展提供政策服务；优化农业区域布局,提升农村经济发展水平,发挥重点农业科技园区的示范效应；走农业产业化道路,发挥农业规模经济效益；加快农业科技创新,提高农业科技含量,特别提出并分析了天津市现代农业科技创新中心的可行性,必要性,建设内容和定位以及社会和环境效益；推进生态环境建设,实现天津市农业的可持续发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Agriculture used to be the most important driving force that leading human from obscurantism to civilization first time.Due to the different natural and social economic conditions, agricultural development exists obvious district difference, the process of southeast coastal areas change from traditional survival agriculture to modem agriculture quickly, and play exemplary role in other regions of agricultural development direction. Tianjin is the highest one of the big cities in China, and also is the most built international metropolis of urban areas of potential in economic development level. As for land agricultural production resources and agricultural products, tianjin agriculture area accounts for only 0.2% the cultivated land area in China mainland, and proportion in the last of 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. But be called China’s strong city just in agricultural economic and technological level.,grain yield per unit of area, per capita net income of farmers and agricultural commodity etc are among the precedents, The idea of tianjin agriculture development,modern production management way, management method of agricultural development in other regions played good guidance and exemplary role. With the further development of our national economy, how the future development of modern agriculture of tianjin can meet the process of the harmonious development between city and countryside, is one of the urgent need for many scholars and researchers, these problems needs to further research and discussion.The study is carried out as follows:first, from agricultural development connotation and the related concept, this paper outline the agricultural development at home and abroad,and summarized the related theory basis, for laid a theoretical foundation to further discuss for tianjin agriculture development problems.Second, in the review of the current development of tianjin agriculture based on the statistical data of tianjin, combined with the main agricultural products, from the angle of agriculture products, analyzes the comparative advantage of each area county of tianjin. Points out the tianjin agriculture industry layout:the city agriculture sightseeing laps, suburban characteristic agriculture development circle, the exurb plain agricultural development circle.Third, based on the research foundation, this paper utilizing stochastic frontier production model, from two aspects of planting and breeding,analyse the technical efficiencies of tianjin agriculture for empirical studies conducted by nearly 10 years more than ten cities in wheat, rice, corn, canopy cucumbers and tomatoes, large-scale live-pig, medium scale cows, large-scale panel data of layers and freshwater fish analyzed in tianjin agriculture planting and breeding of major agricultural products, points out the technical efficiency of technological progress to tianjin agriculture influence. Results showed that, technological progress plays a large role to the development of tianjin agriculture.To enhance the efficiency of agricultural technology factors of production quality improvement from technology innovation, and the application in production links with less so than before, the production material to produce the same number of products, or to the same number of former production material to produce more products. Technological advances in technology, is to enhance the efficiency of the main dynamic modern economic growth. The results show that the efficiency measure, the overall perspective, tianjin agriculture comprehensive efficiency, scale efficiency, technology has been improved efficiency, the capacity of sustainable development of agriculture in enhanced. In agricultural development problems, in these ten years, more attention were paid to the economic and social function of tianjin agriculture, and the ecological function and investment were insufficient, scientific and technological innovation and technological efficiency should be strengthened.Finally, based on the above empirical research, this article proposed advice from a policy level, operation level for tianjin agriculture to promote the development of counter measures, so as to lays the foundation of further study for agricultural development status of different cities and different region, provides scientific and practice basis for advancing modern agriculture study. Strengthening the government protection and support to the agricultural, improve the modern agricultural facilities equipment, and to promote the development of tianjin agriculture provides policy services; Optimize the agricultural area layout, improve the rural economy development and the demonstration effect of agricultural science and technology park, enhance the agricultural industrialization, and go play agricultural scale economic benefit; Accelerate agriculture science and technology innovation, improve the urban agriculture science and technology content, specifically presented and analyzed the necessity, feasibility of construction content and positioning social and environmental benefits of modern agriculture science and technology innovation center of tianjin,improve the eco-environmental construction, realizes the sustainable development of tianjin agriculture.更多还原