【作者】 陈连波；

【导师】 刘晓明；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 城市规划与设计， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 道教是根植于中华文化沃土的本上宗教,迄今已有一千八百多年的历史。道教文化是中华传统文化的重要组成部分,对我国民族心理和民族性格的形成产生了重要影响。道教宫观作为道教文化的重要物质载体,蕴含了弥足珍贵的历史文化信息。北京道教宫观文化在古都北京和道教文化双重特点叠加下,形成了自身特色,成为北京文化中独具魅力的重要组成部分。目前,对道教和道教宫观的研究多集中在发展史、教理、教义、经典、宗教文化等方面,却较少涉及到道教宫观整体空间布局、环境景观特征等内容,本文从风景园林角度出发,以构建风景园林的各个要素为切入点,对北京地区现存较为重要的道教宫观的历史沿革、现状、分布情况、空间类型、建筑形制、宫观园林等进行了较为系统的研究。对北京地区的道教宫观的保护和利用的现状、成就、不足等进行总结,提出相应的建议。以此作为对前人研究的重要补充,为北京地区道教宫观的保护、修缮、复建等提供相关的参考依据。本论文采用了理论联系实践的方法,在分析整理道教和道教宫观概况的基础上,通过现场实测、摄影、访谈等多种调研手段,对北京现存最具有代表性的5个道教宫观进行重点研究。最终的研究结果为：道教在北京地区具有广泛的社会基础,由于多方面原因,北京道教宫观建筑形制、空间布局等方面体现了多元化特征；北京地区的道教更加具有政治色彩,它的兴衰受统治阶级个人喜好的影响最为直接；道教宫观通过建筑群、特色小品及宫观内外的园林环境等共同营建道教宫观的环境景观；道教宫观所表现的环境特征包括择址、空间布局、建筑形制、宫观园林等诸多方面；道教宫观空间环境具有强烈的宗教文化内涵；道教宫观的价值在于其宗教功能、社会功能及博大精深的道教文化内涵；道教宫观中的建筑、园林以一种简洁、朴素的姿态出现,体现了道教特有的文化寓意和“清静无为”、“道法自然”的思想；为传承和弘扬优秀的中华传统文化、本土思想,为延续古都北京的历史文脉、丰富古都形象,作为古都北京的历史文化遗产的道教宫观理应得到更好的保护和利用。关注和研究北京地区的现存道教宫观,对其进行保护和利用,不仅传承和弘扬优秀的中华传统文化和本土思想,更重要的是道教宫观所承载的道教哲学思想和生态智慧可以为全人类的生存和发展指引方向。而这也将是此次研究工作最特殊、最有价值的现实意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Taoist is rooted under the field of the Chinese culture religion, which has over 1800 years. As the important part of the Chinese traditional culture, Taoist has the significant effects for our national psychological and character. Under the double feature of ancient capital and Taoist culture, Beijing Taoist temple forms self-character and become the fascinating cardinal component of the Beijing culture. At present, Taoist and its temples’ research mainly focus on history development, Truth, scientific, classic, religion culture, etc., with little touch on the overall spatial layout and environmental characteristics of Taoist temples. On the basis of sequential elements in constructing landscape architecture, this paper serves as an important complementation of the previous studies and provides relevant reference evidence to history evolution, present, distribution, Taoist-style architecture, featured ornaments and temple gardening in Beijing areas of the important Taoist temples.Combining theory with practice and based on reorganizing information to Taoist and Taoist temples in other areas, study results are got from first-hand data collected through on-site measurement, photographing and interviewing in investigation 5 existing Taoist temples in Beijing. Through analyses, final conclusions are given as follow:Taoism in Beijing area has a broad social base, due to various reasons, Beijing Taoist aspects of space layout of architectural for reflected diversified feature. Taoism in Beijing is influenced by politics. The Landscape of Taoism is constructed by architectural complex, garden environments.Taoistemples in the performance of environmental features, including selection of a location, space layout, building shape, temples and many other aspects of gardening. Taoist temples in the space environment with strong religious and cultural connotations. The value of Taoist monasteries lies in its religious function social function and profound Chinese Taoism culture connotation. The Taoist monasteries in architectural landscape guise simplicity reflect the Taoism culture, the implication and quiet unreal natural thought Taoist. In order to inherit and carry forward the excellent local thought of Chinese traditional culture. For carrying forward Chinese traditional culture and native ideology, for extending history context and rich the image of ancient capital. Taoist temples, as the historical cultural heritage in ancient capital, are supposed to be better protected and used.Focusing on and researching extensive social influence of Taoist temples in Beijing areas, and being given protected and used, it is not only carrying forward the outstanding Chinese traditional culture and native ideology, but most importantly carrying the Taoist philosophy ideas and ecological thoughts by Taoist temples can guide the way of human being existence and development as well. It is the most special and voluble realistic meanings for the research.更多还原