【作者】 王昌海；

【导师】 温亚利；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 林业经济管理， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 生物多样性是人类赖以生存的条件,是社会经济得以持续发展的基础。然而,近些年由于社会经济发展和生物多样性保护之间的矛盾日益突出,为了追求片面、短期的经济效益,导致了生物多样性锐减或者丧失,已经影响到人们的正常生活。经历了长期的社会实践,人们认识到保护好自然资源和生态环境,保护好生物多样性,对人类的生存和发展具有极为重要的意义。保护自然资源、生态环境、生物多样性的一项重要措施是建立自然保护区。然而,建立自然保护区仅仅是保护资源和环境的第一步,如何有效地管理好保护区,则是摆在我们面前的一个更加重要的问题。我国政府加大对自然保护区生物多样性保护投入过程中,并没有直接重视综合的产出问题,这期间也就产生了一系列矛盾。面对这些问题,政策调整和创新是我国自然保护区生物多样性保护所面临的最迫切任务,而保护政策的调整要有依据,最基本的就是投入产出问题,即：成本效益问题。因此,对自然保护区进行生物多样性保护产生的经济效益、生态效益、社会效益计量以及评价自然保护区发展状况,就显得尤为重要。这也是国家有关部门正在积极探索的方向,并为在立法和现行法律修改方面做着积极准备。基于以上背景,运用科学的理论与方法对自然保护区生物多样性保护的成本效益加以评价,一直是学术界研究的难点和热点。本研究在众多学者研究的基础上进一步深化,以秦岭自然保护区群为研究区域,并以自然保护区生物多样性保护的成本-效益分析为全新视角,结合管理学、经济学、生态学和社会学等多学科理论知识,在实证调研的基础上,对秦岭区域生物多样性保护进行了概述,针对自然保护区发展过程中产生的各种问题进行了定性总结,在此基础上展开了自然保护区生物多样性保护过程中产生的成本及效益定量分析研究。本研究通过大量一手调研数据以及二手统计资料进行了秦岭自然保护区群生物多样性保护的成本效益计量及评价,在此基础上进行了成本效益的预测分析,最后对秦岭自然保护区保护政策进行了优化分析。回顾这一研究过程,本论文基本上回答了开篇绪论里提出的4个问题：①本研究完整的界定了自然保护区生物多样性保护的成本效益的概念,诠释了自然保护区生物多样性保护的成本、效益的内涵特征；②根据国内外学者研究成果的基础上,根据秦岭自然保护区的特点,筛选了自然保护区经济效益、生态效益、社会效益以及保护成本的计量指标,同时系统性的建立了成本效益计量指标体系,并通过实证数据进行了计量；③对计量结果进行了分析,从计量结果的货币值大小和成本效益的利益相关者角度对自然保护区成本效益的发展趋势进行了定性分析；在此基础上,本研究通过成本效益分析选择模糊数学评价方法对计量结果进行了评价,并得出秦岭自然保护区群目前处于良好的发展状态。④为了更好的分析自然保护区的成本效益,本研究对秦岭自然保护区的成本效益进行了曲线预测分析,并得到了拟合优度最优的曲线方程,为保护区保护政策的优化作了理论支撑。论文最后,基于保护区成本效益分析及评价对自然保护区政策作了优化,具体给出了政策优化的方面及针对性建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Biological diversity is the condition of the survival for human beings and the basic for the sustained social and economic development. However, the conflict between social economic development and biodiversity conservation has become increasingly prominent in recent years. The pursuit of one-sided and short-term economic benefits results in a sharp reduction or loss of biological diversity and affects people’s normal life. After a long period of social practice, people come to recognize that protecting natural resources and ecological environment and protecting biodiversity are of great importance for human survival and development. One of the important measures of protecting natural resources, ecological environment and biological diversity is to establish nature reserves. However, the establishment of nature reserves is only the first step to protect resources and environment, while how to effectively manage reserves remains to be a more important issue in front of us. When our government increases investment in protecting biodiversity conservation, it does not pay direct attention to the comprehensive output problems. In this period, there occurs a series of contradictions. In terms of these problems, it is the most urgent task for the government to make policy adjustment and innovation, in order to achieve biodiversity conservation in the nature reserves. The policy adjustment should be justified on the most basic problem of input and output, namely, cost-effectiveness. Therefore, the measurement of economic, ecological and social benefits and the evaluation of nature reserves development in the conservation of biodiversity in nature reserves are particularly important. It is also the direction that the national authorities are actively exploring. The national authorities are making active preparation for the amendment of existing laws and legislation.Based on above background, it is always academic research rub and hot, that is using the scientific theory and methods to evaluate the cost and effectiveness of protecting biodiversity reserves. This study is the further deepening of many scholars’ study. Studing Qinling reserve, taking cost-efficiency analysis of protecting biodiversity of nature reserves for new perspective, and integrated management, economics, ecology and sociological theory of knowledge, it conducted the regional biodiversity of protecting Qinling reserve. Then it reviewed qualitatively the problem in the process of development to nature reserves. Based on them, it analyzed and studied in quantitative the costs and effectiveness in the process of protecting biodiversity reserves. This paper measured and evaluated the costs and effectiveness in the process of protecting biodiversity reserves by a research data and statistics, then forecasted it, and had optimized analysis of nature conservation policy for Qinling. In the research process, this paper basically answered four questions in the exordium:①The study defined the cost and effectiveness for biodiversity protection of the nature reserves, and interpreted the human characteristics of the cost and effectiveness for biodiversity protection of the nature reserves;②Based on the academic research, and according to characteristics of the nature reserves, it filtered indicators of the natural economic, ecological, social benefits and protection costs. At the same time it established a measurement indicators system of cost and effectiveness and measured them;③It analyzed the measurement result, analyzed qualitatively the development tendency of nature reserves from the angle of the size of currency value and the stakeholders of cost and effectiveness, evaluated the measuring results this research by a mathematical analysis, and resulted the Qinling reserve in good condition. at present;④To analyze better the Cost and benefit of nature reserves, it took curve analysis of the cost and effectiveness and got up to the high degree of the equation; also it integrated surrounding communities of the nature, especially for the internal communities, for policy optimization of the protection; at last based on the assessment of cost and effectiveness and the policy optimization, it proposed some proposals specially to policy optimization.更多还原