【作者】 周健；

【导师】 齐卫平；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 政治学理论， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 当前,中国社会的需求结构正在发生根本性变革,整个社会的公共需求正在快速增长；社会关系结构也正在发生革命性变革,交换关系日益占据主导地位。面对社会需求结构和社会关系结构的根本性变革,我国政治体系的改革相对迟缓,政治体制计划经济体制下形成的封闭特征当前仍比较明显；政治体系的制度容纳能力与社会日益增长的参与需求还不太适应；政府过程的各环节对社会公共需求的回应比较乏力。这些都是当前中国政治体系与政府过程面临的结构性缺陷,对于这些结构性缺陷,只有通过政治体系和政府过程的结构性改革才能得到有效解决,最根本的是实现政府过程中制度与角色两大变量之间的良性互动。因此本文的研究具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。本文的研究对象是当代中国政府过程,过程方法是研究政府的一个重要分析方法。本文研究政府过程的角度是制度与角色的互动,这是分析政府过程的一个新角度。本文综合运用系统分析方法、调查研究方法、个案分析方法和文献研究方法,在重点分析当代中国政府过程制度与角色互动场域与表现的基础上,详细分析了当代中国政府过程中制度与角色互动的效益及其成因,最后指出制度与角色的良性互动是当代中国政府过程优化的路径。本文共包括七章内容：绪论重点对研究问题的提出、国内外相关研究综述,以及本文的研究角度、研究方法、研究框架等进行阐述、分析和说明。对本文涉及的两个重要概念制度与角色进行研究。指出制度与角色是当代中国政府过程分析的重要变量。对当代中国政府过程分析的理论基础——政治系统论进行了系统介绍和分析。重点对政府过程中的制度及其功能和政府过程中的角色及其功能进行了深入的分析。对当代中国政府过程中制度与角色互动的场域与表现进行了详细的分析。阐述了场域的内涵及其特性。对政治输入过程、政治转换过程、政治输出过程以及政治反馈过程中制度与角色互动的表现进行了系统、详细的阐述。政治输入过程中制度与角色互动的表现有：政治参与主体对利益表达制度安排的遵守,政治参与主体对利益表达制度安排的排斥,弱势群体制度化利益表达有效渠道存在不足等。政治转换过程中制度与角色互动的表现有：听证制度的形式化,专家与思想库失灵,地方政府政治转换过程中的地方保护,部门立法中的部门利益倾向,强势利益群体与弱势群体参与决策的影响力不平衡等。政治输出过程中制度与角色互动的表现有：利益相关方对制度的抵制,政策执行中的地方保护,政策执行中的部门利益倾向,政策执行中的部门间冲突,决策中枢对制度执行力的强调与监督等。政治反馈过程中制度与角色互动的表现有：反馈信息失真,第三方评估主体与制度互动不足等。分析当代中国政府过程中制度与角色互动的效益。政府过程中制度与角色互动的消极影响主要包括：软化制度约束的刚性,损害政府的公共性,削弱政府的权威性,影响社会稳定。政府过程中制度与角色互动的积极影响主要包括：社会的安全阀,达成政治共识,增强政治参与主体的政治主体地位,增进政府与公众的理性精神。分析当代中国政府过程中制度与角色互动的成因。催生当代中国政府过程中制度与角色互动的原因主要有：价值的权威性分配的制度本质与人利益意识的觉醒,委托——代理机制的天然缺陷,制度供求关系失衡,以及社会组织的发展带来组织化权利主体的政治参与等。重点阐述制度与角色的良性互动是当代中国政府过程优化的路径。主要从五个方面努力：构建“社会基础秩序”,坚持制度优先不断增强制度约束的刚性；增强政治系统的开放性与透明度,增加政治机会；培育公民社会,推动政治国家与公民社会的良性互动；加快政府转型,构建服务型政府；促进理性生长,增强制度、角色互动的协调度与社会和谐度等。结合电动车新国标事件和钓鱼执法事件两个个案对当代中国政府过程中制度与角色互动进行了分析。通过对两个个案生动的分析,使当代中国政府过程中制度与角色的互动更直观、更生动。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, Chinese social demand structure is undergoing a revolutionary transformation, and the whole social public demand is growing rapidly. Exchange relationship is dominant in revolutionary transformed social relation structure.While the social demand structure and social relations are fundamental reformed, the reform process of Chinese political system is relatively slowly and the closed features of planning economic system are still more apparent now. The capacity of political system isn’t adaptive to growing social participation, and the response of government process to public social demand is still weak. All of these are the structural defects of current Chinese political system and government.Only the structural reform of political system and government process could effective solve these deficiencies, and the most fundamental step is the benign interaction of two variables of government process, system and role. Therefore, this research has important theoretical significance and practical value.The object of this research is the process of contemporary China, and process method is an important analytical method. In this paper, we studied the government process from the interaction of roles and system perspective, which is a new angle of analysis the government process. This paper uses system analysis, survey research, case analysis and literature research methods. Based on detailed analysis of the contemporary Chinese government role in the process of interaction between system and function, and its causes, we focus on analysis of contemporary China in the process of interaction between system and the role and performance field. And pointed out the optimal way of Chinese government process is the benign interaction of system and roles. There are seven chapters in this dissertation.Introduction focuses on the following aspects, problems of this study, advances of related research at home and abroad, the point of this research, research methods and research framework.Two important concepts involved in this paper are system and role. We point out that the system and the role are two important variables in the contemporary Chinese government process. And we systematically descript and analysis the theoretical basis of contemporary Chinese government process, Political system theory. In this chapter, we analysis the system and role, the role and its function in government process deeply.The field and performance of the system and the role in the Contemporary Chinese government process are detailed analyzed in this chapter, and the connotation and characters of the field. Political input process, political transformation process, political output process, political feedback process system and the interactive performance of system and role are explained systemically and in detail here. The performance of system and role interaction in the political input process system including, the compliance and the repulsion of political participates to the institutional arrangements for compliance with the interests, the lack of the effective channels to express institutionalized the interests of vulnerable groups, and so on. The performance of system and role interaction in the political transformation process system including, the formalization of the hearing of witness, the failure of experts and think tank, the local protection in the transition of local government, the department interest tendency in the department legalization, the imbalance influence between strong interest groups and vulnerable groups in participating in the decision-making, and so on. The performance of system and role interaction in the political output process system including, rejecting of related interests groups to the systems, local protection, interest tendency and the conflicts among department in the policy implementation, the emphasis and supervision of policy-making centre to the executive power, and so on. The distorted of feedback information and the deficient interaction between third-party assessment and system interaction are respected in the interaction of system and role in the political feedback system.Then, the benefits of interaction of system and role in the contemporary Chinese government process are analyzed. The negative features of interaction of system and role in the contemporary Chinese government process including, intenerating the rigidity of institutional constraints, impairing the commonality of government, weakening the authority of the government and affecting social stability. The positive features of interaction of system and role in the contemporary Chinese government process including, the social safety valve, reaching a political consensus, enhancing political participation, the status of the main political body, enhancing the spirit of rational government and the validity of government.In addition, we analyze the causes of interaction of system and role in the contemporary Chinese government process. There many aspects which induce the interaction of system and role in the contemporary Chinese government process, that are, the essence of value distribution system, the awakening of interest consciousness, the natural deficiency of authorized system, imbalance between supply and demand in the system, the political participation of systematized interest groups, which caused by the development of social organization.We focus on the benign interaction between system and the role is the optimal process of contemporary Chinese government process. Five aspects are studied here. Firstly, strengthening rigidity of institutional constraints and Insisting on system priority to build social "based on order". The second aspect is enhancing openness and transparency of the political system to increase political opportunity. The third one is fostering civil society, promoting the benign interaction of political countries and citizen society. The fourth one is speed up government transformation, constructing service government. The last not the least one is promoting rational growth, strengthen the coordination of system, roles interaction, social harmonious degree and other aspects.Combined with two cases, the new national standard of electric vehicles and fishing enforcement, we analysis the interaction of system and role in contemporary Chinese government process. Analysis two cases vividly, let the system and the role interaction of contemporary Chinese governmental process more intuitive, more vivid.更多还原