【作者】 杨秀礼；

【导师】 方勇；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 各种传世文献所表现出的老学思想,是传统国学研究不可或缺的重要内容。元代老学属于传统老学研究范畴,她从哲学论、养生论及治国论三个方面展开,同时又贯穿着儒、释、道三教的融汇,从而形成思想体系,是传统老学研究重要的一环。从更为广阔的视野来审视,元代老学不仅有学术史的意义,而且具有同等重要的社会史意义。本文以学者个案为考察维度,力图对这个时期有着较完整老学思想学者的相关资料进行全面疏理讨论,同时为了弥补由纯微观个案研究造成的视域盲点,笔者采用以个案带动整体的研究方法,努力营造学术视域的多层次性,方便读者对元代老学有更全面的认识。全文由导言、主体、结语三部分组成,各部分的写作意图、思路和大意如下：导言主要对本文的选题范围及意义、成立条件、研究方法等进行简要交代。论文主体共分四章：第一章主要探讨了元代老学发展的基本背景及特点,元代社会文化发展的多元化,给老学带来了不少新变与特质,本章通过爬梳罗列元代老学基本文献,勾勒出其体式多样性、发展阶段与地域不平衡性等特点,在此基础上主要从外部经济、社会、文化等方面探讨成因,同时对元代老学发展的基本时代背景作了交代,为下文的个案研究提供了较广阔的社会学视域。第二章至第四章为本文的中心部分,元代汉人,无论文士或方外,都有一个共同目标,即在民族劫余之后保种存文,将中国传统文化继承下去,由于历史的机缘,老学在一定阶段较成功地担当了这样的角色。文章在近30种文献中,经过比较、筛选,对李道纯、邓锜、陈致虚、苗善时、何道全、刘惟永、杜道坚、张嗣成、王守正、薛致玄、刘辰翁、丁易东、吴澄、刘因等十四家老学思想以个案角度从各家生平事迹、老学文献、老学基本观点等方面有所侧重地进行了较详细的解读。在展开讨论时,文章均在比较充分占有材料的基础上,既注意阐述观点特质,也注意寻求其继承与创新的基础。同时元代老学者从身份和学术思想上表现了一些共同点,尽管这种学术共同点在事实上并不是泾渭分明的,但大致依然可做如下划分,比如李道纯、邓锜、陈致虚、苗善时、何道全等同属于新道派,他们的老学观点更多地吸收了佛家思想,强调“性命双修”、“内外兼修”等“成仙证真”的修炼思想；而刘惟永、杜道坚、张嗣成等则同属于传统道派,他们的老学观点则更多是吸收新儒学思想,有较丰富的理气、皇道帝德等学说及对儒家学说的援引等等。而王守正、薛致玄、刘辰翁、丁易东、吴澄、刘因等则属于儒者老学,他们解老主要多以儒学理论对《老子》进行改造,或援引《老子》文字对元代社会进行评论,或对老学文献进行注解、评点、辨正等,为方便读者对他们所属的学派及思想在元代的发展有更直观、生动、全面的认识,每章首节分别对这三个学派在元代的发展及老学基本情况进行了背景式的介绍,与第一章社会发展背景形成呼应互补的关系。结语则是在文章主体个案讨论基础上所形成的抽象理性,即道教在元代尽管实现了第二次中兴局面,老学也出现卓著成果的景象,但同时却存在边缘化的特点。其一从横向考察,元代老学在形式与内容方面与儒释两家的融会贯通更为紧密,出现了学科交叉,即学科边缘化现象,这一现象对元代老学的兴盛贡献突出。其二从纵向考察,元代老学尽管兴盛,但并未产生溢出道教或者老学而对儒佛乃至社会产生深巨影响的思想或著述,因此未能占据社会话语权的中心地位,这与元代中后期老学遭受冷落成为互为因果的恶性循环。笔者由此得出结论,老学在元代走向边缘。更多还原

【Abstract】 Many traditional documents about Laoism, including those in Yuan Dynasty,are an important part of the traditional Sinology research. The traditional Laoism research mainly discusses three aspects,the philosophy; the keeping in good health;the ruling to a nation.and launch through the Confucian releasing Daoism, Confucianism,and Buddhism culture,it establishes its ideological system. When we discuss Laoism in Yuan Dynasty with broader horizons,it conclude implication not only in academic history,but also in sociology history.This paper searches complete information on scholastic cases in a widely view.For the sake of avoiding the blind spot caused by the microeconomic domain, this paper iused to promote the overall number of academic research methods to create a view of a multi-demensional study, In order to convenient readers to learn more comprehensive about the Yuan Dynasty, the full text include three parts:the introduction, the major and the conclusion.Which the following talking about.is mainly the purpose and main content of each part.The full paper is mainly divided into four chapters:Chapter one mainly examines the situation of Yuan Dynasty about Laoism, Great changes and new characteristic about Laoism have been brought in by the development of diversified development of science and culture in Yuan Dynasty,The paper collets sufficient data and finds out the various style、the non-equilibrium development about time and region of Laoism in Yuan Dynasty.On the base of which it analyzes the reasons of develonping and forming of differential features. Also it explains the circumstance about the development of Laoism in Yuan Dynasty,and provide the field of sociology for the case study.Chapter two to chapter four are the central parts of this paper,The Han Chinese in the Yuan Dynasty, regardless of the deric or scholar, have a common goal to salvaged the unique cultural features after the national deposit.Owing to historical chance, Laoism take such a role successfully.Compared with nearly 30 kinds documents,the paper take He-Daoquan, Liu-Weiyong, Liu-yin,Deng-Qi,Chen-Zhixu, Miao-Shanshi,Du-Daojian,Zhang-sicheng, Wang-shouzheng,Xue-Zhixuan,Liu-chenwe ng,Ding-yidong,Wu-cheng,Li-Daochun,as fourteen cases,and analysed their life stories, Laoism documents, Laoism fundamental viewes from more detailed definition, In the discussion, the paper holds in the material foundation fully, and pays attention not only to the elaboration viewpoint, but also to discover the foundation from which inherits and innovates happened. meanwhile, the fourteen scholar have some common ground from the status and academic thought, for example, Li-Daochun,Deng-Qi, Chen-Zhixu, Miao-Shanshi, He-Daoquanbelonged to new daoism which employed Buddhism,And Liu-Weiyong, Du-Daojian, Zhang-sicheng belong to the traditional daoism,they absorbed the confucianism,and Wang-shouzheng, Xue-Zhixuan, Liu-chenweng, Ding-yidong, Wu-cheng, Liu-yin are confucian scholars, they solve the confucianism with Laoism. In order to facilitate readers have a more vividly, direct-viewing, a comprehensive understanding to respective schools and views of the Laoism scholars of the yuan Dynasty, in the first section of the each main parts analyse the development and views of three schools in the Yuan Dynasty。When the main parts of the paper researched on abstract reasoning, such as significant progress of Laoism has been made in the Yuan Dynasty but it has been marginalized.From the breadthwise angle of aspects, the form and content of Laoism has combined the Buddhism and the confucianism more firmly.From the longitudinal angle of aspects,there are no books or thoughts about Laoism has made a great impact on the society, so Laoism in Yuan Dynasty has been marginalized.更多还原