【作者】 曾繁花；

【导师】 刘正刚；

【作者基本信息】 暨南大学 ， 中国古代史， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 晚清时期,是中西文化交汇频繁的剧变时代。西方近代医学知识、生活理念在新式媒体的鼓噪中渐渐得以传播。昔日仅在医学界中进行探讨的女性月经、乳房、生育等问题,以及在传统社会被视为女性隐私的足部、修饰等问题,均在晚清报刊中有较多报道,向来被忽视的女性健康问题受到了前所未有的关注。鸦片战争后,尤其是甲午战败,民族危机的压力,迫使时人对救亡图存进行探索。将希望寄托在培养强健的下一代国民是其中的愿望之一。担负孕育下一代国民重任的晚清女性,被时人赋予“国民之母”的桂冠,她们的身体健康问题被提上日程。基于此,晚清文人利用报刊为阵地,使用近代卫生医疗知识及手段对女性身体健康进行了较为全面的打造。女性的生理现象、身体健康日益引起社会关注,女性的专门医院以及女医生开始出现,并逐渐向分科细化迈进。本论文拟以挖掘和整理晚清报刊为主,同时在参考时人的回忆录、笔记、年谱等资料基础上,以19世纪70年代至1911年为考察时间段,对晚清女性身体的相关问题进行探讨。论文主要按照六个部分进行,概述如下：第一部分：导言。主要对与本选题相关的学术界研究现状及成果进行审视,并对研究思路与论文框架、研究方法及材料收集进行阐述,从而凸显本选题的理论意义和实践意义。第二部分：善待身体的新动向主要探讨晚清女性在足部、面部的修饰上,倾向追求天足、自然美的变化；女性特有的生理现象——月经问题,经过报刊宣传而走上护理知识的调养趋向；女性乳房是维护母婴亲情的天然纽带,报章倡导亲自哺乳取代雇用乳母,还乳房之自然功能。第三部分：分娩场域的生命拯救。中国传统的接生法多以稳婆等女性为之,晚清以后,随着西医接生法的传入及在践行中彰显出高超的技术,中国传统接生法受到了前所未有的冲击。在新旧接生法的博弈中,人们渐渐将筹码偏向近代西医接生法,但鉴于中国传统社会性别严防之划分,时人逐渐提出让女性学习西医接生法来取代稳婆。第四部分：关注女性身体健康的专门场所——女子医院的出现。随着晚清新式医学对人们生活的全方位渗透以及在媒体的渲染下,近代医学逐渐对女性身体介入、监视及指导。女性疗疾及生育出现了新的空间——近代女子医院,随之出现女医生的培养及在诊治过程中开始趋向分科的细化。第五部分：追求健康的形体美。在媒体宣传的卫生观念影响下,晚清女性也由单纯的注重健康,转向通过锻炼来获得更健康的体魄。再加上当时强调“母健而后儿肥”的说教,女性与强国强种紧密地联系起来。昔日社会所倡导的瘦弱女性形体观,变为对强健体魄的追求,女子体操及简易健身法开始得到践行,随后又流行脚踏车的户外活动,女性的活动空间被进一步拓展。第六部分结论。对全文进行简单的总结,提出本文的研究结论。更多还原

【Abstract】 It was dramatic changes era that Chinese culture and Western culture exchanged frequently in the late Qing Dynasty.The medical knowledge and life philosophy of Modern Western spred gradually in the clamor of new media.The issue that of the famale mensruation,breast,reproductive and others which explored only in the medical profession in the past was reported more in the newspapers in the late Qing.The women’s health issues which had always been neglected were received unprecedented attention.The pressure of national crisis stimulated people to explore how to save the nation after the Opium War,especially the Jiawu Sino-Japanese War.It was a desire, pinning hope on the next strong generation,to save the country.The women’s health was put on the agenda because they bear the heavy responsibility of breeding the next generation.and the women was given the crown as "mother of citizens". For those,intellectuals used of newspapers for the position to discuss comprehensively the health of the female body with knowledge and tools of modern health care. Women’s physiological phenomenon and health caused more and more attention in the community.Modern Women’s Hospital and the women doctors began to appear,and the treatment subject gradually refined.This paper intends to explore and organize the mainnewspapers and magazines in late Qing Dynasty,also bases on the memoirs,notes,chronology,etc.This paper will discuss comprehensively female body and related issues reporting in the Late Qing Dynasty during 1970’s to 1911. The whole thesis includes the following six parts:The first part:IntroductionThis part offers a general survey of the related academic situation and the achievement of the study. It also elaborate the Framework and research ideas and papers, research methods and materials collected. so as to show the theoretical and practical value of the chosen subject.The second section:The new trends in the body to treat.In this section, it will focus on the polishion of women’s feet and face,which tend to natural feet, natural beauty;The menstrual problems, physiological phenomenon of female-specific,tent to nursed back to health care knowledge with the press publicity;Female breast, maintenance of the natural family ties between mother and child,was advocated breast-feeding herself instead of hiring wet nurse in the press.It also called to give the natural function of the breast.The third section:Field delivery of life saving.Women,such as midwives,engaged in the delivery in traditional Chinese society.After entering the late Qing Dynasty,the Chinese traditional birth methods were suffered by the uprecedented impact under the modern Western medicine delivery method which demonstrated excellent skills in practice from it was spred.It was in favor of modern delivery method chips between the old and new delivery method in the game.People proposed to let women learn modern delivery method to replace the traditional birth attendants because of the Chinese Gender prevent.The fourth section:Special workplace taking attention to women’s health- the emergence of Women’s Hospital.With a full range of modern medicine on the penetration of life,the famale body was interved,moitored,guided by the modern medicine.It was the Modern Women’s Hospital,the emergence of new space for women’s therapy and fertility.The female doctors were trained,and the treatment process tent to refinement division.The fifth section:Pursuit of a healthy body.Women had a more healthy body by exercise instead of simply focusing on health with the influence of the health concept of propaganda by the media. The kinds of women and strengthening the country closely linked with the purpose of the fact that "Mother is strong,and the baby will be stronger and fatter".The old concept of advocacy into a thin shape evolved into the pursuit of physical fitness. The modern women’s gymnastics and simple fitness began to be practiced. The outdoor activities by cycling were popular day by day,and the space for women was further expanded.The six part:The conclusionThis part is the summary of the thesis and the conclusion of the study.更多还原