【作者】 曹伟；

【导师】 周生路；

【作者基本信息】 南京大学 ， 自然地理学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 当前,我国社会经济高速发展,在城市化与工业化进程不断加快的同时,城乡居民收入差距却不断被拉大。日益严重的城乡差距和“三农”问题己严重制约着我国社会主义的现代化。因而,解决好城乡发展不平衡和“三农”问题,缩小城乡差距,对于我国社会经济可持续发展来说显得尤为重要。针对上述问题,论文在对城乡地域系统进行分析的基础上,应用突变理论对城乡统筹界面进行理论分析,并借鉴城市精明增长理论,提出土地精明利用调控城乡统筹界面要素实现城乡统筹发展的思想。基于上述思想,以南京市浦口区为例,在深入分析研究区城乡现实和调查农户意愿的基础上,进行不同地域类型下区域土地精明利用运作模式的构建与不同工具下区域土地精明利用实现模式的设计,围绕“理论分析-实证研究”和“客观因素-主观因素-政策因素”两条主线,利用“农地整治、村镇改造、要素配置”三个工具,提出了基于“现实+意愿+政策”的土地精明利用运作体系,通过“分区引导-意愿驱动-模式选择-差别化工具”推动区域城乡统筹发展。研究取得的主要成果如下：(1)论文通过理论分析,提出了调控城乡统筹界面要素及实现城乡统筹发展的方法与路径。影响城乡统筹界面的主要因素有：城乡现实、农户意愿、政府政策,其中城乡现实是城乡统筹发展的基础平台,农户意愿是城乡统筹发展自下而上的内在动力,政府政策是城乡统筹发展自上而下的外部引力。借鉴城市精明增长理论,以土地为桥梁与纽带,利用“农地整治、村镇改造、要素配置”三个土地精明工具,通过土地利用数量、结构与利用方式的调整与优化,可消除城乡界面之间要素流动的障碍,促进土地、劳动力等要素在城乡之间双向流动,达到增强农村经济活力,保障城市经济发展,缩小城乡差距的目的,最终实现包括“生活殷实、生产繁荣、福利共享、生态优美”在内的城乡统筹发展目标。(2)实证分析了研究区城乡社会经济现实与土地利用现实。城乡社会经济发展突变分析表明：当前研究区城乡发展还处在量变积累的过程,还没有达到突变的阶段,城乡之间处于统筹阶段。从各项社会经济指标来看,研究区已进入工业化中期阶段,城乡之间处于良性互动阶段,具备了城乡统筹发展的前提与条件。从土地数量控制、土地形态紧凑、土地利用效益三个方面,测度研究区土地精明利用水平,1999年、2002年、2008年的土地利用精明度分别为38.05、49.51、62.44,研究区土地精明程度呈逐年上升趋势,但仍有待进一步提高。依据资源环境一开发强度一发展潜力组合特征,研究区可划分为优化整合区、重点拓展区、都市农业区、生态旅游区4个土地利用功能区,通过引导区域内现有城镇体系及产业布局的调整与优化,从而为城乡地域系统内的劳动力、土地、资本等各种要素流动提供有效载体。(3)调查分析了研究区农户城乡统筹意愿的影响因素及农户意愿对城乡统筹实现的影响。从研究区农户意愿调查与分析结果来看,大部分农户现状满意度较低,城乡统筹意愿较强烈,但同时恋土情节又影响着农户城乡统筹意愿。通过二分类逻辑回归Logit模型分析农户城乡统筹意愿的影响因素,其中影响农地整治意愿的因素主要为农户文化程度、农户种田态度、农户人均年收入；影响村镇改造意愿的因素主要为农户文化程度、农户家庭生活设施满意度、农户人均年收入；影响要素配置意愿的因素主要为农户种田意愿、农户城乡生活喜好、农户人均耕地面积。利用BP神经网络模型研究不同功能区农户意愿对城乡统筹实现目标的影响规律,其中搬迁满意度、社会保险满意度是影响优化整合区城乡统筹发展的主要因素；土地规模化意愿、养老担心程度、搬迁满意度是影响重点拓展区城乡统筹发展的主要因素；养老担心程度、土地规模化意愿、搬迁满意度是影响都市农业区和生态旅游区城乡统筹发展的主要因素。(4)提出了基于“现实+意愿+政策”的土地精明利用运作体系,构建了不同地域类型下区域土地精明利用的运作模式,设计了不同工具下区域土地精明利用的实现模式。在土地利用功能分区结果的指导下,不同区域可结合典型农村地域特色,重点以“农地整治、村镇改造、要素配置”三个土地精明利用工具为手段,分别选择工业企业带动型、村改居城市发展型、飞地经济跨越型、乡村旅游激发型、特色农业开发型、跨村整合捆绑型等6种土地精明利用的地域类型与运作模式。同时,针对土地精明利用工具的不同实现方式,应采取差别化的模式,具体而言,①“拆村并居”模式：从保障农民权益的角度,采用“两制并存”模式较为理想；②居民点整理模式：通过GIS结合突变级数法,居民点整理的先后次序为：整村搬迁模式>空心村整治模式>中心村建设模式；③搬迁安置模式：通过GIS结合灰色物元分析,在居民搬迁安置模式中应优先采用就近农民集中居住的安置方式。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nowadays, with the rapid development of China’s society and economy, urbanization and industrialization process is accelerating, while the income gap between urban and rural resident has been widened. The increasingly serious urban-rural gap and the "three rural" issue have seriously restricted the socialist modernization of China. Thus, it is especially important for the sustainable development of China’s society and economy to resolve the imbalance in urban and rural development and the "three rural" issue. To settle the above-mentioned problems, based on the analysis of urban-rural regional system, this study systematically studies the urban-rural harmony interface by the use of catastrophe theory and employs urban smart growth theory to bring forward the idea of urban-rural harmony development utilizing land smart use to regulate urban-rural interface elements. Under the guidance of the above thinking, the operational models of land smart use under the different regional types and implementary models of land smart use under the different tools are designed based on the analysis of the urban-rural actuality and farmer’s will of Pukou district in Nanjing city. And then, according to the two main lines of "theory analysis-demonstration study" and "objective factor-subjective factor-policy factor", this study ultimately proposes the operational model of land smart use based on "actualitywill-policy" by the use of three tools "consolidation of rural land-village’s reconstruction-elements’reallocation". This model achieves the objective of urban-rural harmony development by the pattern framework of "regionalization guiding-will impulse-model choice-differentiation implement". The main results include:(1) This paper brings forward the means of regulating urban-rural interface elements and realizing urban-rural harmony development according to theoretical analysis. The main factors of urban-rural interface are urban-rural actuality, farmer will, and government policy. Urban-rural actuality is the basic platform of the urban-rural harmony development. Farmer’s will is the intrinsic motivation from bottom to top of the urban-rural harmony development. Government policy is the guiding force from above to below of the urban-rural harmony development. Land is not only the basic means of agricultural production, but also space site for urban construction, so land can set up a bridge and link between urban and rural area. By employing urban smart growth theory, this study proposes three land smart use tools of "consolidation of rural land-village’s reconstruction-elements’reallocation". The adjustment and optimization in the amount, structure pattern of urban-rural land use will eliminate the barriers of elements’mobility between urban and rural interface and promote the two-way flow of various elements between urban and rural areas. Land smart use can enhance rural economic vitality, ensure urban economic development, narrow the gap between urban and rural area, and achieve the urban-rural harmony development goals of "life well-off, production prosperity, welfare share, and environment beauty".(2) This paper demonstrationally analyzes the actuality of urban-rural socio-economic and land use in the study area. Catastrophe analysis result of urban-rural socio-economic development shows that the currently investigated area is still in the process of quantitative accumulation and has not yet reached the mutation stage. According to the actual state of socio-economic indicators, the investigated area has entered the middle stage of industrialization development and has the precondition and conditions of urban-rural harmony development. Moreover, the social and economic development of the area has entered a phase of positive interaction between urban and rural area. The land smart use level is measured by three indicators of land amount control, land form compact, land use efficiency, and the land smart use degrees in 1999,2002, 2008 are 38.05,49.51,62.44, respectively. The result shows that the land use degree of the investigated area is increasing year by year, but it remains to be further improved. The investigated area is divided into four land use function zones according to each town’s combination of resources and environment, development intensity and development potential, which consisted of optimized and integrated zone, key development zone, urban agricultural zone and ecological tourist zone. The land regionalization can adjust and optimize the existing regional urban-rural system and industrial layout and provide an effective carrier for the mobility of labor, land, capital and other elements in urban-rural system.(3) This paper investigates the influencing factors of household’s urban-rural harmony willnesses and the influence of farm’s will to urban-rural harmony development. The will survey and analysis result of the investigated households shows that most of the rural households are dissatisfied with the current actuality and they all hope to achieve the urban-rural harmony development. According to the factor analysis results of household’s urban-rural harmony will by the binary logistic regression of Logit model, the main factors of consolidation of rural land are farmer’s education, attitude of farmer to farming and household income per capita. Farmer’s education, satisfaction with household living facilities and household income per capita are three mostly influencing factors of village’s reconstruction. Moreover, attitude of farmer to farming, farmer’s preference to urban-rural life and household cultivated land area per capita influence the farmer’s will in elements’ reallocation. According to the influence analysis results of farm’s will in different type region to urban-rural harmony development by BP artificial neural network model, satisfaction with relocation and satisfaction with social insurance are the main factors of urban-rural harmony development in the optimized and integrated zone. Land scale operation will, worry about the retirement live and satisfaction with relocation affect the urban-rural harmony development in the key development zone. Furthermore, the main influencing factors of the urban-rural harmony development in urban agricultural zone and ecological tourist zone are worry about the retirement live, land scale operation will and satisfaction with relocation.(4)This paper proposes the operational system of land smart use based on "actuality will-policy" and designs the operational models of land smart use under the different regional types and the implementary models of land smart use under the different tools. According to different typical rural characteristic, different function regions should select different operational models of land smart use. There are six operational models, which include the development pattern of industrial enterprise, the pattern of village transformation to urban community, the development pattern of enclave economy, the development pattern of rural tourism, the development pattern of characteristic agriculture, and the pattern of village transformation to urban community. To the different realization ways of land smart use tools, it should take the differential models:①"Village transformation to urban community" mode:it should adopt the "two systems co-existing" land circulation mode;①Residential area’s reconstruction mode:the order of the residential area’s reconstruction by combining GIS and catastrophe progression method is that whole village relocation mode>hollow village reconstruction mode>center village construction mode;③Resident’s resettlement mode:the resident’s resettlement by combining GIS and grey matter element analysis should give priority to take the neighboring centralized-living mode.更多还原