【作者】 王冬月；

【导师】 王卫星；

【作者基本信息】 北京体育大学 ， 运动训练学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 花样游泳作为技能主导类表现难美性项群,在技术不断完善的情况下,对运动员体能提出了更高的要求。本课题研究目的在深刻理解花样游泳项目特征和发展规律的基础上,找出花样游泳项目体能的核心构成要素,分析专项体能结构特征,构建花样游泳项目体能评价体系,确立花样游泳项目体能训练方法手段及体能训练周期安排的负荷和结构。本研究主要通过文献资料法、观察统计法、专家访谈法、实地测试法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法,对我国优秀花样游泳1队和花样游泳2队(青年队)共计41名运动员的体能结构特征及体能训练进行研究,得出主要结论如下：1.花样游泳是在一定有氧能力的基础上,以磷酸盐和糖酵解供能为主的运动项目,肌肉的快速力量与核心力量是该项目的主导运动素质。2.通过对花样游泳运动员形态学指标研究表明：我国花样游泳运动员身高具有上升趋势,与世界优秀强队相比中国花样游泳运动员具有身高优势；机能指标研究表明：花样游泳运动员的肺活量随着年龄和训练经历有增长趋势,且耐力好的运动员肺活量也高,心功指数相对较低,运动员具有良好的心脏功能,运动素质指标研究表明：力量素质方面花样游泳1队核心稳定性力量明显高于2队,核心动力性力量差别不大,肩背力量均差别不大,花样游泳2队的下肢力量稍强于花样游泳1队,柔韧素质整体较好。3.本研究筛选出花样游泳项目的16项体能指标,构建了花样游泳体能及专项体能结构模型并计算了每项指标所占权重,分别为：3RM颈前下拉0.123,腹桥8级0.122,3RM半蹲0.118,800m自由泳0.116,30s双摇0.115,转肩0.11,30s单芭蕾0.107,30s两头起0.094,右手握力0.086；建立了花样游泳项目专项体能指标的单项评分标准和综合等级评定标准。4.本研究对优秀花样游泳运动员专项体能水平进行了态势诊断和差距诊断。目标挑战模型按权重排序依次为：3RM颈前下拉、腹桥8级、3RM半蹲、800m自泳、30s双摇、转肩、30s单芭蕾、30s两头起、右手握力。研究表明,在今后我国花样游泳运动员专项体能的发展问题上,应加强重视和提高肩背力量和核心稳定性力量。5.优化专项体能训练方法体系,增加了核心力量训练方法手段和明确了小关节肌群力量训练方法手段,明确了优秀花样游泳运动员体能训练周期的结构和负荷,为全面提高运动员体能水平奠定一定的理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Synchronized swimming is skill oriented. It belongs to difficulty skill event group. Nowadays, with the increasingly perfect skill, physical fitness is becoming more and more important. On the basis of deeply understanding Synchronized swimming’ s project characteristics and developing laws, this subject aims to find out the core inscape of Synchronized swimming’s physical fitness and analyze structure characteristics of special physical ability, build up Synchronized Swimming Athletes’physical fitness assessment system, research Synchronized swimming physical fitness training methods and physical fitness arrangement’s load and structure.With literature material searching, expert interviewing, field testing, mathematical statistics, logic analysis, this subject researched the physical fitness structure characteristics and physical fitness training of Chinese excellent Synchronized swimming team 1 and Synchronized swimming team 2 (youth team), totally 41 Athletes. Conclusions as follow:1. Synchronized swimming’s characteristics:On the basis of certain aerobic capacity, Athletes’main energy supply comes from phosphate and glycol sis. Its main athletic constitution is muscle’s speed strength and core strength. 2. Morphology index research of the Synchronized swimming athlete shows that our Synchronized swimming athletes’stature is constantly increasing. Chinese Synchronized swimming athletes enjoy the height advantage compared with the world excellent team. Index of physical function research shows those Synchronized swimming athletes’vital capacity increases with age and training experience. And better endurance results in better vital capacity and lower heart function index, these athletes have good heart function. Athletic constitution research shows that the strength constitution core stability of Synchronized swimming team 1 is better than that of team 2. There is not much difference in core dynamic strength or shoulder and back strength. Synchronized swimming team 2’ s leg strength is a little better than team 1, generally better in flexibility.3. This subject selected 16 physique indexes of Synchronized swimming, built up the Synchronized swimming fitness levels and special physical ability structure model. And the result of each index which is established as weighting Synchronized swimming special physical ability evaluation system, they are:3RM Lat Pull down 0.123, Paula lv.8, 3RM semi-crouch 0.118,800m front crawl 0.116,30s double rope skipping 0.115, in locate 0.11,30s single ballet 0.107,30s sit-up 0.094, right grip strength 0.086; All the above indexes structured the Synchronized swimming special physical fitness index single evaluation standard and comprehensive level evaluation standard.4. This study on excellent Synchronized swimming athlete focuses on special physical ability level situation diagnosis and gap diagnosis. Target challenge model (sorts according to the weighing) are as follows:3RM lat pull-down, Paula lv.8, 3RM semi-crouch,800m front crawl,30s double rope skipping, in locate, 30s "single ballet",30s sit-up, right grip strength. The study indicates that in the future of China’s Synchronized swimming athlete special physical ability development issues, we should improve shoulder strength and core lumbar abdomen control ability.5. This study optimized the special physical ability training method system, increase the core strength training methods and clear the small joint muscle group strength training methods. It also established excellent Synchronized swimming athlete physical stamina training cycle arrangement characteristics and load, which provides a theoretical guidance to the overall improvement of athletes’fitness level.更多还原