【作者】 王利红；

【导师】 邢文华；

【作者基本信息】 北京体育大学 ， 运动人体科学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 3～6岁幼儿教育中存在重智轻体、过度保护等不科学的育儿理念和育儿方式,致使体质与健康水平与发达国家相比存在明显的差距,提高幼儿的体质与健康水平已迫在眉睫。为解决这一问题,本文从家庭和幼儿园两个角度出发,探索符合促进幼儿体质与健康发展的有效模式。本文采用整群抽样的方法,选取北京市某一级一类幼儿园为实验园,与其条件接近的另一所幼儿园为对照园。对实验园小班和中班实施了14个月的干预,而大班在第二阶段末期升入一年级,因此仅干预9个月；对照园未实施任何干预。本文所构建的家园共建模式的核心思想是通过改善家庭和幼儿园的育儿理念和育儿方式来促进幼儿的体质与健康水平,家庭干预的对象为父母,干预措施是定期举行幼儿健康教育讲座、发放健康知识小报及体质与健康促进手册等。幼儿园干预的主要对象为教师,干预措施是体育教育培训和督导、体育课教案的执行和安排、幼儿园体育环境的创新和设计等。为评估干预效果,本文分别对实验园和对照园进行了三次系统的测试,即干预前、第一阶段末和第二阶段末的体质测试。测试内容包括幼儿的身体形态、身体机能和身体素质,并记录了幼儿在干预期间每个月的因病缺勤率。实验结果表明：(1)从身体形态指标来看,实验园和对照园各组(同年级同性别为一组)幼儿的身高、体重、胸围、体脂率的差异无统计学意义。(2)从身体机能指标来看,实验园和对照园各组幼儿的安静心率差异无统计学意义；小班男幼儿的代谢率明显优于对照组,其他组差异均无统计学意义；小班和中班各组的走平衡木和单脚站立平均水平明显优于对照组,大班各组差异无统计学意义。(3)从身体素质指标来看,实验园各组的10米折返跑和30米跑平均水平明显优于对照园；小班和中班各组双脚连续跳、20米爬平均水平明显优于对照组,大班各组差别无统计学意义。(4)从因病缺勤率统计结果来看,实验园幼儿的抗病能力随干预时间的延长而增强。经过干预,尽管部分指标并未表现显著的优越性,但几乎所有指标都已经呈现改善的趋势,并随着干预时间的延长,干预效果日趋明显,这说明本文构建的家园共建模式在短期之内对促进幼儿体质与健康水平难以产生显著效果,但随着干预时间的增加,幼儿的体质与健康水平必然取得大幅度的提升。更多还原

【Abstract】 Due to too much attention on intellectual education, ignoring physical education, over-protection in childcare and unscientific parental manner, so that the physical fitness and health of 3-6 years old preschool children is much poorer than developed countries, improving the physique and health of preschool children is imminent. The aim of this research is to explore an effective model of promoting physical fitness and healthy development, both from the perspective of the family and the kindergarten.In this paper, using cluster sampling method to select one first-rate and first class kindergarten as an experimental subject. Select the other kindergarten which condition is close to it as the control subject. The intervention for the first grade and the second grade in experimental kindergarten last for 14 months, the third grade children promoted to higher grade later, so the intervention just last for 9months. The control kindergarten didn’t do anything.The core idea of this intervention is both from family and kindergarten to improve children and parental ways to promote preschool children’s physical fitness and health. The intervention object of family is parents, the intervention are holding physical and health education lectures regularly, giving bulletin about healthy knowledge and promoting healthy booklet, and so on. The main intervention object of kindergarten is teachers, the intervention are training and supervision of physical education, implementation of the plans and arrangement of physical education lessons, the design and innovation about sports environment.To assess intervention effects, the research held three system test, that is before, the end of the first stage and the end stage of the intervention. The content including body shape, physical function and fitness, and recorded the children’s rate of sickness absence in every month during the intervention. The results show that:(1) From the index of the body shape, The average of Height, weight, chest and fat percentage in each group(the same grade and the same sex as one group) of the children in experimental garden was a little better than the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. (2) From the indexes of physical function, The average of resting heart rate of the children in experimental group was a little better than the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. The average of basal metabolic rate of boy in the first grade was obvious significant than the control group, the difference in other group was not statistically significant. The balance beam and standing on one foot were obvious better than the control group, older children were no significant differences in each group. (3) From the indexes of fitness, the average of the 10-meter shuttle run and 30 meters of the children in experimental group were significant better than control group, the average of continuously jumping, climbing for 20 meters in the first grade and middle grade were better than control group, the average of the children in the third grade were no significant differences in each group. (4) From the statistics of the rate of sickness absence, children’s resistance to disease increased with the increase of intervention time.Although part of the indexes didn’t show significant superiority comparing with the control group, but almost all the indexes have been showing an improving trend, and the effect of intervention was more significant with the increase of increase of intervention time. This shows that the model about cooperation of families and kindergarten in the near future promoting physical fitness and health is difficult to have a significant effect for a short time, but with the intervention time increased, preschool children’s physical fitness and health must be greatly improved.更多还原