【作者】 刘洪涛；

【导师】 史康成；

【作者基本信息】 北京体育大学 ， 体育人文社会学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 运用文献资料法、历史研究法、比较研究法、专家访谈法和文本分析法等对我国体育科技政策变迁的历程、特征、动力机制进行研究,提出了新时期我国体育科技政策调整与完善的思路、原则和策略。结论如下：一、我国体育科技政策的变迁可划分为开创基业(1949-1965)、遭遇挫折(1966-1977)、恢复发展(1978—1989)、深化改革(1990-2000)、创造辉煌(2001-2008)、迈向强国(2008奥运后)六个阶段。二、我国体育科技政策历史变迁的主要特征：1、受政治路线左右；2、具有强烈的随动性；3、均衡与非均衡性并存。主要经验：1、坚持以科技政策方向和体育战略调整为导向；2、坚持制定体育科技发展规划和体育科技体制改革；3、坚持强制性渐进式政策变迁方式。主要问题：1、政策体系不够健全；2、政策前瞻性不强；3、政策变迁的科学化和民主化程度不高。三、体育科技政策变迁包括政策主体、政策客体和政策环境的变迁。政策主体由政府主体发展到专家参与的混合主体,一般公众的主体地位缺失。在体育科技政策客体中,体育科技问题随体育中心任务变迁而变迁,体育科技服务对象在不同时期侧重点有所不同。政策环境随时代变迁而变迁。四、我国体育科技政策的制定由精英模式转变为渐进式制定模式,政治精英对政策具有强大的影响力,体育科技政策带有强烈的精英主义色彩。政策执行方式一直采用的是政府主导下的自上而下的官僚组织模式。体育科技政策一直没严格的正式评估。五、影响体育科技政策变迁的因素主要有：外在环境因素、政策制度因素、政策属性因素和政策网络因素。体育科技政策变迁是由其内外动力和阻力相互作用的合力决定的,其变迁的速度与方向与这个合力的大小和方向直接相关。六、新时期,以科学发展观作为体育科技政策调整与完善的根本指导思想。坚持以体育科技需求和以人为本的发展理念为导向,坚持科教兴体,逐渐加强群众体育科技,让体育科技为广大人民服务。坚持特色性原则、以人为本原则、目标性原则、效益性原则、协调发展原则、现实性与前瞻性相结合原则、科学化与民主化相结合原则、规范化与法制化相结合原则等原则。对体育科技政策的目标、重点、内容、变迁方式进行调整,加强政策理论和政策评估体系建设。建立体育科技政策决策咨询制度、体育科技政策程序制度、体育科技政策公众参与制度和体育科技政策制定、执行和评估制度。更多还原

【Abstract】 By applying the methods of document literature, historical research, comparative analysis, interview, and textual analysis, this paper studies the process of sports science and technology policies in China, the characteristic of their changes, and the dynamic mechanism of the changes. And in the finial, the paper proposes the ideas and principles of adjustment and improvement of sports science and technology policies in China in the new period. The following conclusions are drawn.Conclusion one:The process of the changes of sports science and technology policies in China is divided into six stages. They are creating the foundation (1949-1965), encountering serious setback (1966-1977), recovery and development (1978-1989), deepen the reform (1990-2000), creating brilliant (2001-2008), running for the strongest country (after the 2008 Olympic Games).Conclusion two:There are many characteristics in the changes of the sports science and technology policies. The changes of sports science and technology policies are greatly restricted by the political lines and science and technology policies. The changes followed closely the changes of the sports polices of and science and technology polices. Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium coexisted in the changes. The main experiences of the changes are as following. Adhere to take the science and technology polices and strategic adjustment of sports as the direction. Adhere to make the plans of sports development and the reforms of sports science and technology system. Adhere to top-down way of compulsory change and progressive change. The main lessons of the changes are as following. The policy system is not perfect. The forward-looking of policy is not strong. The scientific and democratic level of sports science and technology policies is not high.Conclusion three:The changes of sports science and technology policies include the changes of policy subject, policy object and policy environment. The sports government departments always are the main part of the policies. The role of experts in the policies has gradually been taken seriously. The dominant position of the public in the policies is lack. In different historical periods, the focus of the object of the sports policies is different. Policies environment vary as the times change.Conclusion four:Generally speaking, policy-making of sports science and technology policies is being used incremental policy-making model instead of elite policy-making model in China. Political elite still has powerful influence on policies. Sports science and technology policies are with a strong elitism color during the changes of them. Policy implementation is always being used top-down bureaucratic organizational model in the control of the government. There have not been rigorous formal assessments in sports science and technology policies in China by now.Conclusion five:It is external environment, political system, the nature of policy, and the network of policy that affect the changes of sports science and technology policies. The changes of sports science and technology policies are determined by the interaction composition force between internal and external driving force and resistance force, which make the sports science and technology policies change. The speed and direction of their changes are directly related to the size and direction of this composition force.Conclusion six:We should take the concept of scientific development as the fundamental guiding ideology of adjustment and improvement of the sports science and technology policies in the new period. The direction of the needs of the sports science and technology, the human-oriented idea of the science and technology development, revitalization of the sports by science and education, and coordinate development between competitive sports science and technology and mass sports science and technology will be adhered to. Mass sports science and technology should gradually be strengthened. Let the sports science and technology serve the majority of the people. The following principles should be adhered to when the sports science and technology policies are adjusted and improved, which include characteristics of principle, people-oriented principle, targeted principle, efficiency principle, the principle of coordinated development, the principle of the combination of reality and forward-looking, the principle of combination of scientific and democratization, and the principle of combination of standardization and legalization. The aims, emphases, contents, change model of the sports science and technology policies should be adjusted. The construction of the policy theory and the policy assessment system should be strengthened. Sports science and technology policy-making advisory system, sports science and technology policy procedure system, public participation in sports science and technology policy system, sports science and technology policy making, implementation and evaluation system should be established.更多还原