【作者】 王超飞；

【导师】 佟金；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 农业机械化工程， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 自然界中的植物和动物具有优异的适应环境的能力,人们从中得到启发,仿生学应运而生,解决了诸多工程问题。本研究从仿生学的角度出发,以两栖纲无尾目典型动物黑斑侧褶蛙和中华大蟾蜍为研究对象。从表面形态和结构入手,结合其生活习性和自身特点,分析其典型结构和特征。分析了无尾目典型动物优异生物特性在包括农业工程在内的工程上的潜在的仿生应用。以两栖纲无尾目典型动物黑斑侧褶蛙和中华大蟾蜍为研究对象,利用体视显微镜和扫描电镜等分析设备观察和测试中华大蟾蜍和黑斑侧褶蛙表面形态和结构等特征,对比分析中华大蟾蜍和黑斑侧褶蛙不同部位的表面形态、微观结构的异同点,并建立具有代表性的微观结构的三维模型。并对黑斑侧褶蛙皮肤在体和脱水情况下进行润湿性分析,使用水润湿角测量仪,测量出背部、腹部表面皮肤与水的润湿角,结果表明黑斑侧褶蛙皮肤有、无体表液存在情况下均为亲水材料。黑斑侧褶蛙表皮脱水无体表液的情况下皮肤的水接触角相对大于在体有体表液情况下皮肤的水接触角,表明黑斑侧褶蛙体表液中有亲水物质。运用逆向工程技术,使用3D激光扫描系统获得黑斑侧褶蛙躯干躯干外形轮廓点群,在Imageware软件中进行模型重构,并提取黑斑侧褶蛙主要部位的特征曲线,利用Matlab软件进行曲线拟合,得到曲线方程,并对其曲率特征进行分析,揭示黑斑侧褶蛙躯干的特征。黑斑侧褶蛙和中华大蟾蜍表皮材料纳米力学性能研究,采用纳米力学测试系统测量黑斑侧褶蛙和中华大蟾蜍身体各部位的表皮纳米力学性能,比较黑斑侧褶蛙、中华大蟾蜍与其它动物及昆虫表皮材料之间的纳米力学性能差异。用动物运动力学测试系统测试中华大蟾蜍在水平面上的运动过程,获取其爬行时的接触力,判断其运动规律。用微观摩擦学试验机测量黑斑侧褶蛙和中华大蟾蜍皮肤脱水状态下的摩擦系数。介绍了用ABAQUS有限元软件的理论基础和技术问题,将建立的两栖纲无尾目典型动物黑斑侧褶蛙和中华大蟾蜍的具有代表性的微观结构的三维模型在ABAQUS有限元软件中模拟其与接触对模型接触过程,分析接触面间等效应力分布规律以及接触面间节点位移变化规律。更多还原

【Abstract】 The plants and animals have excellent ability to adapta to their natural environment. People gain enlightenment from living things, so bionics learning from nature has been developed.The typical salientian amphibian’s species (Pelophylax nigromaculata and Bufo gargarizans) were taken as the research objects.Starting from the surface morphology and structure, combined with their life habit and their own characteristics, their skin surface structure and characteristics were analyzed. The excellent biological characteristics of the typical salientian amphibian’s species and their potential application in engineering was analised.Surface morphology and structural features of the typical salientian amphibian’s species (Pelophylax nigromaculata and Bufo gargarizans) was examined using analysis equipment such as stereoscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Contrast and analysis on the differences and similarities of the surface morphology and the microstructure in different parts between Pelophylax nigromaculata and Bufo gargarizans. The contact angle of water on the body surfaces of Pelophylax nigromaculata in vivo and in vitro with a contact angle measurement apparatus (OCA20) respectively. It was found that Pelophylax nigromaculata body surfaces possess hydrophilic.The configuration of the body surfaces of two animals was examined using reverse engineering technology. The point clouds of the body surface of Pelophylax nigromaculata were obtained by a 3D scanner. The data of the point clouds were precessed using the Imageware software, the curved surfaces of the Pelophylax nigromaculata body surface were reconstructed. The characteristic curve of Pelophylax nigromaculata was performed using Imageware software and data of the Pelophylax nigromaculata body surface were fitted with Matlab software. The corresponding curve equations were established and the second derivative and curvature were calculated. The nanomechanics properties of the surface skin of Pelophylax nigromaculata and Bufo gargarizans were examined with a nanomechanics testing system (Triboindenter, Hisitron) and the nano-hardness and elastic modulus were measured, which was compared with the other animal and insect cuticle materials and mechanical properties.A three-dimensional motion force tester for animal was used to measure the reaction force of Bufo gargarizans’s feet against a solid surface when it crawled on a horizontal plane. The results indicated that the difference of kinematics and the material characteristic of the contact skin of Bufo gargarizans. The results could be useful to the structural design and gait optimization of some robots.Tribological tests of GCrl5 steel ball against the dehydration in vitro surfaces skin of Pelophylax nigromaculata and Bufo gargarizans were run on a universal micro-tribometer.The theoretical basis and technical issues of ABAQUS finite element software were presented. The 3D models of the representative microscopic structure were simulated in ABAQUS finite element software. The equivalent stress distribution was analyzed. The rule of the equivalent stress was figured out finally.更多还原