【作者】 王玉明；

【导师】 高自友； 毛保华；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 运输与物流， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 城市轨道交通是城市公共交通体系的重要组成部分,具有运量大、速度快、准点率高、占地少、污染小等特点,可较好地满足城市内部与城郊之间大规模的出行需求。随着我国城市轨道交通网络建设进程的加快,系统运营能耗快速增长,导致运营成本激增。在能源相对稀缺、环境保护日益受到重视的我国,研究城市轨道交通系统能耗结构与影响因素,为系统规划设计与组织管理的节能优化提供参考,对于促进轨道交通可持续发展具有重要的现实意义。在借鉴国内外已有研究成果的基础上,论文主要从固定/移动设备技术条件、运输组织模式两个方面分析城市轨道轨道交通能耗影响因素的灵敏度,基于相关规范标准和能耗统计数据进一步研究城市轨道交通能耗构成与影响因素的关联度。论文的具体工作包括以下几个方面：(1)通过总结既有研究成果及分析统计数据,系统研究了城市轨道交通系统能耗构成。城市轨道交通系统能耗主要由列车运行能耗和车站运营能耗两部分构成,其中,列车运行能耗约占总能耗的50%,基础设施和运输组织对其影响显著,是本文研究的重点。(2)总结提出了城市轨道交通系统列车运行能耗和车站运营能耗的估算思路与框架。针对列车实际的运行过程,总结了两种城市轨道交通列车运行能耗的计算思路：即基于能耗曲线的测算思路和基于牵引做功的估算思路,分别可用于能耗曲线已知和未知的情形下的列车运行能耗估算。另外,对车站运营能耗进行了初步的总结与分析。(3)定量分析了列车选型和基础设施中坡道、曲线以及站间距等要素对列车运行能耗的影响。研究结果表明：列车选型对运行能耗的影响与列车目标速度密切相关,目标速度和其他条件相同的情况下,不同列车的能耗差异可达19%；设置节能坡可显著降低列车的运行能耗,利用纵断面的凸型条件设置10‰的节能坡,可节约6.7%的列车运行能耗；曲线半径对列车运行能耗的也有较大影响,小曲线半径导致列车运行能耗额外增加,且增加量与列车运行速度呈正相关性,最大可达30%以上,当曲线半径在800m以上时,对列车运行能耗的影响几乎可忽略；在相同停站次数的情况下,列车单位距离运行能耗随着站间距的增加而递减,站间距从400m至2600m平均每增加200m,单位距离运行能耗降低约13%,当站间距大于2600m时,对运行能耗的影响不再显著。(4)定量分析了运输组织模式中技术速度、停站方案、满载率及编组方案对城市轨道交通列车运行能耗的影响。研究结果表明：列车运行能耗与技术速度的关系呈U形,技术速度为30km/h时,列车运行能耗最低,大于30km/h时,技术速度每增加10%,能耗则增加约15%。在其他条件一定的情况下,列车运行能耗随满载率提高增加缓慢,但单位旅客周转量的运行能耗随着满载率的上升呈显著下降趋势,且在技术速度较大时尤为敏感,计算实验案例表明城市轨道交通列车节能满载率在45%左右。(5)在运输组织模式中,选择合理、可持续的目标速度不但要考虑列车的运行时分,还应考虑列车运行过程中的能耗。因此,本文基于模糊综合评判模型,提出了同时考虑能源消耗和运行时分的列车目标速度选择方法,并通过案例验证了模型的有效性。(6)提出了轨道交通能耗构成及其影响因素关联度的概念,通过构建灰色关联层次分析模型研究城市轨道交通系统能耗构成及影响因素的关联度。研究结果表明：列车自重、牵引动力传递效率、车载辅助设备对系统总能耗影响最为显著;列车运行控制技术如速度均衡性和预判距离、编组方案、技术速度对系统总能耗也有重要影响；最大正线坡度、车站照明设备能耗、平均停站间距、车站动力设备对系统能耗有一定影响；最小曲线半径对系统能耗影响相对轻微。相关结论可为制定城市轨道交通系统宏观节能管理策略提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Characterized by high volume traffic, high rapid, high delay quality, using less land and lower pollution, urban rail transit plays a critical role in the public transportation system. With the rapidly growing economy and social developments in China, urban rail transportation has expanded drastically and the demands on energy consumption escalate accordingly. The huge cost makes efficient energy utilization in urban railway transportation an urgent and desirable issue. It is also benefit to the sustainable development of the urban rail transit system.This paper mainly focuses on the impacts of train characteristics and track profile design on the energy consumption of the urban rail transit system, and then further analysis the structure importance of the whole system energy consumption. The main contents include:(1) By summarizing the exit research results and analyzing the statistical data, the energy consumption of urban rail transit system contains two parts:train movement energy consumtion and station operating energy onsumption, the former of which is about 50%. The infrastructure and transport organization mode play a significant role on the train movement enegy consumption, which is the key point of this paper.(2) The paper proposes the estimation methods of train movement energy consumption and station facility energy consumption. As for train movement energy consumption, a model based on the meritorious electric current curve is developed. Additional, another method by transforming the power to the energy is proposed as well to estimate the energy consumption of train movement when the meritorious electric current curve is unavailable.(3) Quantity analysis the impacts of train characteristics and track profile scheme on train movement energy consumption, according to analytical analysis and simulation case studies. The results are concluded as follows:the impact of train characteristics on its energy consumption is related to the train target speed, while the difference of energy consumption among different trains is up to 19% even with the same target speed; Energy-optimized track profiles is always designed at the advantage sections which saves 6.7% energy consumption of train movement. Curve radius of the track profile also effects the energy consumption greatly, the smaller the curve radius is, the much more the energy will be consumed, furthermore. The increment of the energy consumption is positive correlated to the train target speed, which might up to 30%. The impact of curve radius on the train movement energy consumption can be neglected when the curve radius is larger than 800 meters. With the same stop scheme, train movement energy consumption per kilometers is decreased with the increment of inter-station distance, and the energy consumption is reduced by 13% for every 200 meters increment of the inter-station distance, from 400 meters to 2600 meters. The impact of inter-station distance on the train movement energy consumption can be neglected when the inter-station distance is larger than 2600 meters.(4) Quantity analysis the impacts of transportation operation mode on train movement energy consumption, according to analytical analysis and simulation case studies. The results are concluded as follows:the absolute train energy consumption is slightly increased with the passenger load-ratio. The energy consumption per passenger, however, is drastically decreased with the increment of passenger load-ratio. It is more sensitive when the technical speed is higher and the passenger load-ratio is relative lower. This decrease of energy consumption per passenger is becoming relative slight when the passenger load-ratio is larger than 60%. The relationship between the energy consumption of train movement and its technical speed is in the shape of U. The energy consumption of train movement is minimal when the technical speed is at 30 km/h. While the energy consumption is increased every 15% when there is a 10% increment of technical speed.(5) Selecting a reasonable and sustainable target speed should consider train operating time and train movemet energy consumption in the transport organization mode. Thus the paper propose a mothed of selecting target speed considering both train operating time and train movement energy consumption based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model, and a case in conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.(6) Analysis the structure importance of energy consumption in urban rail transit system and the correlative degree of the energy factors, by applying the combination of Grey correlative degree and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results are described as follows:Train weight, traction power transmission efficiency, train auxiliary device is the most important factors which impact the energy consumption of the whole urban rail transit system drastically; and train control strategy such as train speed uniformity and looking forward distance, train formation as well as train technical speed impacts the system energy consumption greatly; The maximum grades of the track profile, light devices in the station, average inter-station distance and the station power equipment is also impacts on the system energy consumption; Minimum radius of the track curve also impacts on the system energy consumption of urban railways, which is relatively slight.更多还原