【作者】 于永坤；

【导师】 王振林；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 本文通过对阿多诺“否定的辩证法”深入地研究和解读,系统地阐述了“否定的辩证法”与后现代主义及解构主义的关联,“否定的辩证法”与黑格尔辩证法、马克思主义辩证法的关联,重点论证了“否定的辩证法”对传统辩证法的解构和马克思主义批判的辩证法的重建的问题。辩证法理论变得僵化、哲学被强制的“同一性”所统治,是以黑格尔为代表的传统哲学的最重要特征和最大缺陷所在。所以,僵化的辩证法和强制的“同一性”哲学成为阿多诺“否定的辩证法”批判的起点。“否定的辩证法”以解构主义所坚持的解构的策略对传统辩证法进行彻底解构之中也蕴涵着对强制的“同一性”哲学的彻底解构。解构并不是最终目的,解构最终是为了重建。“否定的辩证法”认为,要使辩证法从僵化中解放出来必须恢复辩证法的批判的本质,这就需要重建马克思主义批判的辩证法。“否定的辩证法”解构了传统辩证法的同时,也标志着马克思主义批判的辩证法的重新建立。更多还原

【Abstract】 Adorno, the outstanding western Marxian, proposed his theory of“Negative Dialectics”, which aroused quite a stir in academic world. The theory of“Negative Dialectics”was brought forward against traditional dialectics. Having been influenced by metaphysics and compulsive“identity”mode of thinking for a long time, traditional dialectics has increasingly shown up a variety of disadvantages and shortcomings which could not be overcome by itself. Subsequently, the energetic, critical theory has been changed into a deadish, rigid one. The theory of dialectics is in a state of being forgotten and ignored. Therefore, by his theory of“Negative Dialectics”, Adorno realized the criticizing to traditional dialectics, in order to bring back the original representation of dialectics, restore its critical nature and make it an energetic theory following the pave of era which would never fall behind.Hegel’s Dialectics is the most achievement of the traditional dialectics.The disadvantages and shortcomings of the traditional dialectics is quietly clear in Hegel’s Dialectics, subsequently, Hegel’s Dialectics can not break through the mode of the traditional dialectics though it has made such a huge progress. The metaphysics and compulsive“identity”is the most important feature of Hegel’s Dialectics,so Hegel’s Dialectics is the category of the traditional dialectics. Adorno’s Negative Dialectics’criticism about the traditional dialectics begins to Hegel’s Dialectics’criticism, criticism about the traditional dialectics and Hegel’s Dialectics’criticism is idental. The traditional dialectics can save itself from the shadow and overcome it’s disadvantages and shortcomings on the base of destroying Hegel’s Dialectics and metaphysics and compulsive“identity”.Adorno has his own way to criticize traditional dialectics, that is deconstruction. Just because he adopted deconstruction to criticize traditional dialectics thoroughly, his theory of“Negative Dialectics”looked particular and aroused public attention, and it also became an elegant sightseeing in Modern Western Philosophy.The mind and goal of Postmodernism has had clear footprint in Adorno’s Negative Dialectics,so it is normal that looks Adorno as Postmodernist.The especially critical form : deconstructed form of deconstruction about Modern Western Philosophy is so clear in Adorno’s Negative Dialectics. The important feature of the especially critical form of deconstruction is completion and opposite,it takes the attitude of opposite to the critised object,and this critise is quitly complete. Negative Dialectics takes identital way to traditional dialectics and traditional philosophy,so this is the reason that places importance on the negatine of dialectics.It is difficult that differs the relation of Negative Dialectics and deconstruction.But it isn’t suspicious that they make a progress in the influence each other. It is identital that they take the critical mode and attitude,that is a mode and attitude of deconstruction.Hegel’s Dialectics is the most maim representative which wao manifesting the basic spirit traditional dialectics. The Negative diagnostic method sets at variance in the essence to the traditional diagnostic method is from sets at variance to the Hegel diagnostic method starts, set at variance the Hegel diagnostic method also to mean has set at variance the traditional diagnostic method.Because Hegel’s Dialectics has achieved the level that traditional dialectics can not achieve, later dialectics were influenced by it,and appeared the aspect that discussed the diagnostics method had to discuss Hegel’s diagnostics first. This is quite easy to cause the situation that follows to imitate the Hegel diagnostics method sedulously blindly , let very many people veryso it is difficultly that very many people have one objectively fair analysis and appraisal to it, it becomes again unavoidably that the diagnostics theory appears the deviation in the development also . Therefore it appears the extreme significance that has a correct understanding to Hegel diagnostics. This can discover the superiority and the flaw of the Hegel diagnostic method , and advances it a new altitude in the foundation of enhancing strong points and avoiding weaknesses.Regarding this, Marx is the most splendid one that displays. Marx is extremely accurate to appraisal Hegel diagnostics, its merit and the question take in everything at a glance in front of Marx, therefore Marx can develop the diagnostics to an unprecedented level.After Marx, it is Adorno that does splendidly. Adorno continues to study Hegel diagnostics along the path that Marx makes the opening , and saw clearly the question of Hegel diagnostics. Adorno Considers that Hegel diagnostics’question displays not merely in its idealism system which Marxs promulgates likely, displays more importantly in its metaphysics,“the non-identity”and the denial not in the degree of thoroughness. Because Hegel diagnostics has these questions, therefore it changed one kind theory of ossification and without the potential theory.Therefore, Adorno’s Negative Dialectics deconstructed Hegel diagnostics through the metaphysics and“the non-identity”which Hegel diagnostics has.Adorno deconstructed traditional dialectics; meanwhile, he devoted himself to reconstruct Marxism critical dialectics. He believed that the nature of dialectics lies in its criticism and dialectics without criticism is not real dialectics and has no perspective and future. Actually, Marx had already illustrated the critical nature of dialectics, while the following generations did not explain and develop dialectics along the road built by Marx. That led to the stagnation of theories of dialectics. According to Adorno, it is a must to reconstruct Marx Critical Dialectics and show up the critical nature of dialectics, then, dialectics would give out brilliance. Therefore, Adorno and Marx came together on their view of dialectics. It is important to make a progress of theories of dialectics that Adorno’s Negative Dialectics have reconstructed Marxism critical dialectics.Mark has reconstructed critical dialectics on the base of destroying Hegel’s Dialectics which has showed me the new way,but future philosopher don’t understand and delevolp dialectics on the base of Marxism critical dialectics.So theories of dialectics have been forgotten and ignored. The contribution of Adorno’s Negative Dialectics is that it has reconstructed Marxism critical dialectics and has taken theories of dialectics into the new serious,but it has not developed theories of dialectics. It is the most valuable thing that we have learned and mastered from Adorno’s Negative Dialectics.更多还原