【作者】 刘伟斌；

【导师】 姚大志；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 外国哲学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 后现代视觉文化研究本文是关于后现代视觉文化的研究,其基本观点在于当代的视觉文化就是一种后现代文化,所以后现代主义的研究视点将贯穿全文。本文的基本结构是:首先在前言中介绍了国内外关于视觉文化的研究情况,简要说明全文的写作思路。然后分析视觉文化的内涵,并指出视觉文化与后现代主义的关系。通过总结后现代视觉文化的表现形式,指出其中蕴含的矛盾,也就是视觉文化的发展困境。然后找出这些困境出现的原因,指出超越这些困境的可能途径。最后结合具体的中国语境,对中国的视觉文化问题做了一些思考。下面我将具体讲述一下本文各章节的主要内容。一、在第一章中,首先在第一节中阐明了视觉文化的涵义。这对本文的写作非常关键。因为视觉文化主要有两层含义:一是人类历史中所有与视觉相关的文化;二是特指当代的视觉性的文化。而后一种含义上的视觉文化是本文讨论的要点。然后从两个角度讨论了当代视觉文化的主要内涵,一是在于它的视觉性,这也是视觉文化得以存在的基础;二是视觉文化的后现代性,这是当代视觉文化的特殊性之所在。我认为视觉文化的后现代性主要体现在:当代视觉文化是感性文化、虚拟文化、日常生活文化并且与消费社会关系密切。在第二节中,简要梳理了视觉文化的历史演变,目的在于从视觉文化的这种演变中更为清晰地界定出当代视觉文化的涵义和特殊性。在这节中不是以视觉文化本身的发展变化来梳理的,而是依赖于一些学者对于文化的具体分期来梳理视觉文化的发展过程。比如詹姆森、丹尼尔·贝尔、福柯、波德里亚、米尔佐夫等人对文化乃至视觉文化的发展阶段的划分。二.后现代视觉文化主要通过两个渠道表现的最为明显。一个是日常生活方面,一个是视觉媒介方面。在日常生活方面具体分析了:“读图时代”与图像转向,这主要体现在当今的图像化趋势以及图像的拜物教性质;身体与视觉文化,介绍了身体理论与视觉文化的关系以及视觉文化对身体的作用方式;城市景观与旅游体验,解读了城市本身是如何具有视觉文化的意义的以及旅游这种方式的视觉体验意义;视觉消费与视觉文化,具体分析了在消费社会中视觉性产品与非视觉性物品的视觉意义,以及由此产生的炫耀性消费这种现象。在视觉媒介方面,把视觉媒介分为:传统视觉媒介的后现代化,主要审视了摄影、电影、电视这些传统视觉媒介是怎么样成为后现代意义上的视觉媒介的;电脑这种典型的后现代化视觉媒介,在这里重点解读了基于电脑和互连网所产生的新的文化形式——网络游戏,并且在对网络游戏这一具体形式中分析电脑的后现代性意义;在后现代化的新视觉媒介中,主要分析了一些近十年来才开始兴起的一些新的视觉媒介,主要焦点放在一些移动化的视觉设备上,如手机、平板电脑等等。三.通过对视觉文化表现形式以及发生机理的研究,得出后现代视觉文化的发展存在着这样几个困境:图像对人的围困,这主要表现在图像以权力的形式形成对人的压制,以及图像泛滥所导致的审美泛滥、人们对日常审美的厌倦;视觉文化真实性的消失,主要体现在视觉文化的虚拟性,导致了“超真实”的出现;视觉媒介造成的时空屏障,在于人们之间交流的真实性、可信性并没有随着视觉媒介的发展而得以消除,反而出现了视觉屏障;视觉文化中的虚假幸福,即视觉文化带给人们的虚假的幸福意识,这主要体现在消费被等同为幸福。四.视觉文化形成并陷入困境的原因在于:图像的人性基础,因为图像不但是人们把时间以空间化,从而满足人们掌控时间的一种需要,更是因为图像代表着一种更为感性更为直观的文化形式,也更易于与其它感官相结合。当这几个原因遭遇后现代主义的思想方式,图像文化就以感性解放的形式复活,因此视觉文化在根本上是更直观地符合人性本能的一种文化形式;消费社会的形成,对视觉文化产生了非常大的影响,这主要在于消费社会中商品的形象化;视觉技术的发展,视觉技术的发展必将产生新型的文化形式,而当代复制、虚拟的视觉技术,也必将产生当代这样的视觉文化;后现代主义的意识形态,主要是后现代主义的哲学、文化、以及伦理状况,对于生成视觉文化的影响;审美方式的转型与艺术的生活化,则是更为直观地影响了视觉文化成为这种重视体验、重视外观审美的文化形式。这些原因既是视觉文化的形成原因,也是当今视觉文化陷入困境的原因。五.通过分析视觉文化和视觉困境的产生原因,得出要想走出视觉困境并在一定意义上超越视觉文化,必须经过这样几个途径:审美传统的回归,建立更加独立的审美意识和理性的审美方式;走向自然的真实视觉,减少对于视觉技术的过分依赖,在肉眼与真实自然的接触中,重获视觉的真实性;建立相对直接的交流模式,减少视觉媒介的中介作用;重建真实的幸福意识,这主要依赖与使生活摆脱对于消费的虚假依赖,并且建立独立的消费意识和超越的人生信仰和理想,去除消费所带来的虚假平等和幸福。六.对如何把后现代视觉文化研究同中国语境结合起来做了一些思考。这主要涉及到这样的问题,即后现代视觉文化框架如何与中国传统文化资源的相结合的问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 Study on Postmodern Visual CultureThis article is about postmodern visual culture studies, the basic point is that contemporary visual culture is a postmodern culture. Therefore, the research point of postmodernism view will be throughout. The basic structure of this paper are: First introduced the situation of visual culture studies at home and abroad in the preface, a brief description of the full text of writing ideas. Then analyzes the content of visual culture and the relationship between visual culture and postmodernism. By summarizing the performance of postmodern forms of visual culture, that it contains contradictions, that is the plight of the development of visual culture. Then find out the reasons for these difficulties arise and the ways beyond these difficulties. Finally, done some thinking about how to research on visual culture with the specific Chinese context. The following article I will elaborate on what the main content of each chapter.I. In the first chapter, I first set out the meaning of visual culture in the first section. This is critical to write this article. Because of visual culture, there are two meanings: First, all human history associated with the visual culture; the second is specific to contemporary visual culture. The latter meaning of visual culture is discussed in this paper points. Then discussed in terms from the two main connotations of contemporary visual culture, first is that it is visual, which is the basis for the existence of visual culture; second, postmodern visual culture, which is the special nature of contemporary visual culture. I think that the postmodern visual culture is mainly reflected in: contemporary visual culture is the sensibility culture, virtual culture, everyday life culture and close relationship with the consumption society. In the second section, I briefly review the historical evolution of visual culture, the purpose is this evolution more clearly define the meaning of contemporary visual culture and particularity. In this section I don’t study visual culture to sort out their own development and change, but some scholars of culture depends on the specific stage to sort out the development of visual culture. Such as Jameson, Daniel Bell, Michel Foucault, Baudrillard, Mirzoeff, who on the cultural stage of development of visual culture as well as the division. II. Postmodern visual culture, primarily through two channels show the most obvious. One is the ereryday life, one is visual media aspects. In everyday life, I specifically discussed: "Reading Pictures Time" and image shift, which is mainly reflected in today’s pictures time, and the nature of the image worship; physical and visual culture, introduces the physical relationship between theory and visual culture and the role of visual culture on the body means; urban landscape and travel experience, how to interpret the city itself is the meaning of a visual culture, and tourism significance of visual experience in this way; visual consumption and visual culture, a detailed analysis of consumer society, non-visual products and the visual significance of visual items, and the resulting phenomenon of conspicuous consumption. In visual media, I put into visual media: the traditional postmodern visual medias, mainly examined the photography, film, television these traditional visual media, are how to become postmodern sense of the visual media; computer that the typical postmodern visual media, where I focus on interpretation of the computer and the Internet are based on the emergence of new cultural form : online games and online games on this specific form, the analysis of postmodern meaning of the computer; in the post new and modern visual media, I have mainly analyzed the rise of some decade ago, some of the new visual media, the main focus of the vision on the number of mobile devices, including mobile phones, tablet PCs and so on.III. Forms of cultural expression through the visual and the mechanism of research, I have come to the development of postmodern visual culture that some difficulties exist: the siege of image for human , which is mainly manifested in the form of images of power to suppress the formation for human and aesthetic image caused by the proliferation of spread, people tired for the daily aesthetic; the disappearance of the authenticity in visual culture , mainly in the virtual nature of visual culture, resulting in a "super-real" appearance; visual media time and space due to barriers that people of exchanges between the authenticity, credibility, and not with the development of visual media can be eliminated, but there a visual barrier; visual culture, the myth of happiness, mainly visual culture to bring people a false sense of happiness, which is mainly reflected in consumption was equated with happiness.IV. The formation of visual culture and struggling because of: human basis of the image because the image is not only the people of the time, space, time to meet a need for control, but also because the image represents an even more sensibility cultural forms as intuitive and more easily combined with other senses. When it encounters a number of reasons postmodern way of thinking, the image on the sensibility cultural liberation in the form of resurrection, so fundamentally visual culture is more visually consistent with a cultural form of human instinct; the formation of the consumption society, visual culture had a very big impact. This is mainly due to visualize consumption society commodities; visual technology, visual technology will generate new forms of culture. The contemporary copy and the virtual visual technology, will also produce such a vision of contemporary culture; postmodern ideology, mainly the philosophy of postmodernism, cultural, and ethical conditions, the impact of visual culture for the generation; Aesthetics diversification and art with daily life, it is more intuitive impact on the visual culture has become such a great importance to experience, attention to the aesthetic appearance of the cultural forms. Both these reasons are the causes of visual culture is in trouble today .V. By analyzing the visual culture and visual difficulties cause, I think if we want to go out from visual difficulties, and in a sense, beyond the visual culture, must through several ways: the return of the traditional aesthetic, the aesthetic sense of a more independent and rational aesthetic way; to the true nature of visual and reduce over reliance on visual techniques. Use our eyes contact with real nature, to regain visual authenticity; establish relatively direct communication mode, to reduce the intermediary role of visual media; rebuild real sense of happiness, which mainly relies on and make life out of false dependence for the consumption and the establishment of an independent life beliefs and ideals, brought about by the removal of the false equality of consumption from happiness.VI. Do some thinking on how the visual culture of postmodern together with the context of China. In my opinion, mainly related to such problem, namely, how the framework of postmodern visual culture combine with the traditional resources of China.更多还原