【作者】 刘福利；

【导师】 段德麟；

【作者基本信息】 中国科学院研究生院（海洋研究所） ， 海洋生物学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 本研究进行了海带群体遗传分析及叶片长、宽性状QTL研究,取得的主要结果如下:1)海带和掌状海带EST-SSR标记引物的开发。分别从海带和掌状海带的EST数据库中检索到58和83条包含SSR的EST序列,基于这些EST序列分别成功开发出海带的15个和掌状海带的23个EST-SSR标记引物。2)海带群体遗传分析。应用SSR标记,从遗传多样性及遗传结构的角度,对海带典型种质材料进行群体遗传分析。结果表明,海带野生和养殖群体都具有中高度的遗传多样性,其中野生群体的遗传多样性高于养殖群体的;野生和养殖群体间具有显著的遗传分化,而二者内部仅具有中低度的遗传分化。海带种质遗传基础由野生海带、养殖海带及养殖海带和长海带的杂交种三部分组成。3)海带分子标记遗传连锁作图的构建。应用AFLP和SSR标记,以F2代为作图群体,构建了海带的中高密度遗传图谱,该图谱的标记密度为6.7 cM,总长度为1811.1 cM,覆盖海带基因组总长度(2186.7 cM)的82.8%。4)海带叶片长度和宽度性状的QTL分析。定位到3个与叶长相关的QTL,它们能解释海带叶片长度变异的42.36%,表现为部分显性或加性效应。检测2个与叶宽相关的QTL,它们对叶宽变异的贡献率为36.39%,表现出部分显性效应。5)海带叶片长度连锁标记的鉴定及验证。应用BSA法,筛选出海带叶片长度的连锁标记FL-569,遗传作图和连锁分析证明该标记与控制海带长度的主效QTL相连锁,验证结果表明该标记对长叶片海带的选择成功率在80%以上。以上研究为进一步海带种质资源的有效利用、杂交亲本选配、经济性状的遗传解析和分子标记辅助育种提供理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 With aim to promote the genetic improment of Saccharina japonica, marker primers development, population genetic analysis, genetic map construction, QTL analysis for main economic traits as well as linkage marker identicification were conducted, and the main results were as following:1) Development of EST-SSR marker for S. japonica and Laminaria digitata. A total of 58 and 83 EST sequences containing SSR were hunted from EST database of S. japonica and L. digitata, based on which 15 and 23 EST-SSR marker primers developed for the two kelps respectively.2) Population genetic analysis for S. japonica. Using SSR markers, population genetic analysis for representative germplasm resources of S. japonica showed that: while both of the genetic diversities in wild and cultivated populations were medium-high, the genetic diversity in wild populations was much higher; genetic differentiation between wild and cultivated populations is significant, but whatever within wild or cultivated populations the genetic differentiations were both medium-low; the germplasm genetic basis consisted of the S. japonica cultivars, S. japonica wild populations, and the crossbreed of S. japonica and L. longissima.3) Construction of molecular linkage map for S. japonica. Using the AFLP and SSR makers, the molecular linkage map of S. japonica was constructed in F2 mapping population. This map spanned 1811.1 cM with an average marker interval of 6.7 cM and covered the 82.8% of the estimated genome of 2186.7 cM4) QTL analysis for traits of frond length and width of S. japonica. For frond length, 3 QTLs explaining in total of 42.36% of the phenotypic variance were mapped, the gene actions of which were additive and partial dominant. For frond width, 2 QTLs accounting for the total of 36.39% of the phenotypic variance were identified, and the gene action of these QTLs was partially dominant.5) Identification and verification of linkage marker of S. japonica frond length. Using BSA method, the marker FL-569 linked to the longer frond was identified. Linkage analysis proved that FL-569 linked to the main QTL controlling frond length and verification results showed that success rate of this marker detection on the S. japonica with longer frond was over 80%.更多还原