区域城市化空间格局及环境响应研究

【作者】 刘辉；

【导师】 段汉明；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 人文地理学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 在全球环境变化背景下,城市化与生态环境问题成为研究“人地”关系的热点和焦点,通过研究生态环境脆弱区城市化空间结构形态、格局,土地、水、气候等生态因子随着城市建设活动的演化及两者的交互作用,有利于深入探讨西北半干旱地区城市化问题,有利于研究人类活动对生态环境的影响和调控研究,确保城市化建设与区域生态环境之间协调发展有着重要实际意义和理论价值。全文在对国内外城市化空间格局以及环境效应进行宏观研究基础上,对兰州-西宁区域人口城市化、经济城市化、综合城市化以及城市内部空间结构形态、空间演化方向性、空间紧凑程度及景观格局演化进行了具体研究。然后探讨了土地、水、气候生态环境因子随着城市建设活动的变化情况及生态环境效应、土地承载力空间上的差异性。最后,从自然资源条件、交通网络体系、城市经济、政策体制因素方面分析了城市化空间格局形成演化与生态环境响应的耦合机制。其主要内容包括以下几个方面：一是对区域城市化外部空间结构研究。探讨时按照城市化水平的单项指标和综合指标进行城市化水平测度,然后通过城市体系分形维数、不平衡指数、基尼指数、空间关联指数、重心模型研究兰州—西宁区域城市化空间格局,探索人口和经济空间“热点”和“冷点”及人口、经济和非农业人口重心空间移动轨迹。认为人口城市化和经济城市化“热点”和“冷点”区在空间上具有一致性,且综合城市化内部各调控层作用差异明显。二是以西宁为例,研究了城市化内部空间结构。论证时选取紧凑度模型、土地利用强度模型、景观生态格局指数,研究了城市化内部空间形态类型、紧凑程度、利用强度、景观格局以及城市化空间拓展的方向性。三是以兰州为例,研究了伴随城市化过程中,生态环境主要因子的响应。包括土地利用类型、流向、生态环境质量指数的变化,耗水结构、水质、水量随城市化的演化,气温和降水变化特征、趋势,以及生态环境效应和土地承载力空间差异性。四是从自然条件、交通技术、城市经济和政策体制四个方面论证城市化空间格局形成、演化及生态环境响应的机制。利用ArcGIS技术研究河网密度、分形维数、高程与城市空间分布、城市体系分维数、土地承载力之间关系,通过缓冲区分析方法和转移矩阵,研究了交通对土地利用/覆盖的影响,及其交通网络对城市空间结构形成的作用。分析耗水结构、水质与产业结构之间关系,论证城市经济对生态环境的影响,对人口插值分析,经济和城市化水平插值分析,借助Voronoi图,阐述经济基础对城市化空间格局形成的决定作用。最后论证政策体制对生态环境、城市化空间格局形成、演化的加速和延缓双重作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Under the background of global environment change, the problem of urbanization and environment has become the focus on man-land relationship. The paper study on the ecologic and environment fragile zone urban spatial construction, land、water、climate and so on, those ecological factors changes with the urban construction. On the same, urban-ecological environment interaction becomes more and more. This research is beneficial to study on the urban problem in arid area of Northwest China, and beneficial to study on the control and influence of urban construction upon ecological environment. It has a great theoretical and practical significance on coordinate development between environment and urbanization.ON the basis of research in urban spatial construction and environment influence at home and abroad, First, the paper study on the population、economy urbanization and synthetical index, on the other hand, analysis of the urban spatial form and tendency, including spatial evolution of urban land use and landscape pattern. Second, the paper analysis of the soil、water、climate ecological factors influence with the urban construction, the Eco-Environmental Effect of urbanization and the discrepancy between land capacity in LanZhou-XiNing Region. Last, the paper analysis of the coupling mechanism between urbanization and eco-environment evolution, the factors include that natural environment factor、traffic network factor、urban economy factor、regional policies and systems factor.First is the research on the urban spatial structure. The paper uses the single and comprehensiv index to calculate the urbanization level. That using the urban fractal index、unbalance index、spatial Gini coefficient index、spatial correlation index、gravity model research on the urban spatial structure in LanZhou-XiNing regional, in order to find the population and economy hot spot or cold spot, economy and non-agricultural population gravity center movement. That makes a conclusion that hot spot and cold spot of population urbanization is concordance in space, and there is obviously different in synthetical urbanization.Second, the paper research on the urban interior spatial structure in the case of XiNing city. By using of compactness model、land use intensity model、urban landscape index, study on the type of interior urbanization spatial structure、compactness、Land Use intensity、landscape pattern and the tendency of the development of city inter-space.Next analysis is the main ecological factors influence in the urbanization, including the types and variations of land utilization、variations of environmental quality index. On the same time, the paper research on the water structure、quality、consumption with the urbanization, meteorology and precipitation characteristics, the space distribution between capacity of land resources and eco-environment effects.Last,the paper analyses of the genesis mechanism of urban spatial form and eco-environment effects from the conditions of naturalness、traffic technology、urban economy and policy system. Using ArcGIS technology research the relationship between drainage density、elevation、fractal dimension and urban spatial、capacity of land resource. On the basis of the state transition matrix and buffers, the paper analyses the land use/cover effects from traffic, the traffic network effects to urban spatial structure form, the relationship between the water quality、consumption and the industrial structure, the eco-environment effects from urban economy. Besides, the paper analyses the economic base playing the core role in the urban spatial structure form, using the Voronoi map. At last, the paper analyses the policy system has the propulsive and restrictive dual functions in eco-environment、urbanization spatial structure form and evolution.更多还原