【作者】 王豪；

【导师】 潘公凯； 陈刚；

【作者基本信息】 中央美术学院 ， 设计艺术学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 本论文以城市雕塑作为研究的对象,从西方雕塑源头出发找寻当前城市雕塑问题产生的根源,借鉴当代雕塑与公共艺术杰出案例,以及实施政策和制度上的成熟经验,重点探讨在未来城市雕塑建设中新的理论架构。早期的城市雕塑常指公共场所中那些尺度巨大、质地耐久且形态庄严的雕塑艺术作品,它往往具有某种公共性纪念意义,成为城市开放空间的主体。然而,现代城市雕塑除了在传统意义的雕塑创作上进行拓展之外,较多地与城市公共空间环境和居民发生关系,并同城市文脉紧密相连。城市雕塑“开放性”概念的提出是从早期雕塑的“中心性”表现上发展出来的,与前卫艺术的反传统、反权威的趋向相联系,颠覆传统雕塑的尺度、材质以及形状等物质性,以及透过表象因素所传达出象征永恒、静止、宏伟和权威的精神性理念。论文通过转化雕塑的“中心性”以颠覆传统城市雕塑的审美观与价值观,造成新的理论架构的出现,缔造反映人类文化、体现人性关怀的现代雕塑体系。城市雕塑是一种古老的艺术形式,以其独特的艺术魅力,美化城市环境、改善城市风貌,并且塑造城市形象,体现城市性格。在进入21世纪的今天,中国城市雕塑进入到一个蓬勃发展的新时期,大量城市雕塑在城市空间中涌现,就北京而言,在最近25年内,新添了千余件城市雕塑作品。面对这一状况,为了对城市雕塑进行更好地规划和管理,确保和提升城市雕塑的总体质量,有必要对当代城市雕塑状况展开研究,提出更为有效的解决方案。当前,对于城市的研究越来越引起人们的广泛关注,城市问题已经成为21世纪人类发展所面临的重要课题。在这一背景下,以研究城市的性质、规模、类型和地理分布为主要对象的城市地理学,以调查城市的人口、工商业、交通运输、居民生活以及文教卫生等为基础,重点研究城市社会现象的城市社会学等等关于城市问题的学科随之产生。“如何建造一个适合人类居住的城市?”这个问题引发了来自不同领域专家学者的深入讨论。论文从城市雕塑的角度入手,就相关概念、雕塑题材和类型、城市雕塑与城市文化的关联性问题展开论述,针对中国城市雕塑的发展和早期西方城市雕塑的脉络进行归纳和总结,从中国城市雕塑理论的演变和公共艺术概念的引入上分析“开放性”形成的原因,并借鉴国外优秀案例的解析,建构“开放性”理论的内容。此外,利用美学的相关理论知识对城市雕塑的创作进行分析研究,并以北京市城市雕塑规划的实际案例分析探讨城市雕塑“开放性”理论的应用。纵观中国城市雕塑理论的演变,从城市雕塑概念的确立到今天也只有不到30年时间,如何探寻未来中国城市雕塑发展的方向,也成为当前城市学者关注的重要议题。论文力求通过城市雕塑理论与案例的梳理,提出中国未来城市雕塑建设的新方向,避免盲目建设所造成的城市整体艺术形象的缺失。此外,期望通过论文建构的理论框架吸引更多具有艺术潜质和审美优势的学者,展开对城市雕塑问题新的讨论。更多还原

【Abstract】 Urban sculpture is the object of study for this thesis. The thesis tries to find the root of the problems for urban sculpture from the source of western sculpture. Based on the outstanding cases of contemporary sculpture and public art and the mature experience from policy and institutional implementation, it focuses on the new theoretical framework for the development of future urban sculpture. Early urban sculpture in public places often refers to those with huge scale, texture durability and solemn sculpture works of art. It often has some memorable public nature and is the main object of open space. However, besides in addition to the sculpture expanding in the traditional sense, modern urban sculpture engages more with the urban environment and inhabitants. It also links closely with urban context. The "openness" concept of urban sculpture is developed from the "centrality" concept of the early sculpture, and connected with the avant-garde art of the anti-tradition and the tendency of anti-authority. It subverts the traditional scale, texture and the shape, and conveys the spirit concept of eternal, static, grand, and authority through appearance. Through the transforming of "centrality" subvert the traditional aesthetics and values of urban sculptures, the thesis is result in the emergence of a new theoretical framework, to create a reflection of human culture, humanistic care system of modern sculpture.Sculpture is an ancient form of art that is beautifying urban environment, improving the urban landscape, shaping the city’s image, and reflecting the urban character with its unique artistic charm. In the 21 st century, China’s urban sculpture has entered into a new period of vigorous development. A large number of urban sculptures in the urban space have emerged in public spaces. Taking Beijing for example, there are more than thousand pieces of sculptures were created in the last 25 years. Faced with this situation, in order to better plan and manage urban sculptures, to ensure and enhance the overall quality of urban sculpture, it is necessary to commence the study of contemporary situation of urban sculpture, and to search for more effective solutions. Currently, the study of city has attracted more and more wide attentions. The city problem has become an important human development issues that people have to face in the 21 century. Under such circumstances, Urban Geography, which is focus on the study of city’s nature, size, type and geographic distribution, and Urban Sociology, which is based on the investigation of city population, industry and commerce, transportation, population health, life and culture and education, focusing on urban social phenomenon are came into being. "How to build a city fit for human habitation? " This question has aroused in-depth discussion between experts and scholars from different fields. The thesis has cut through from the angle of urban sculpture, creating a strong debating on the relating concept, themes and types of sculpture, and relevant cultural issues. It has summarized and classified the development of Chinese urban sculpture and the early western sculpture, analyzed the cause of "openness" from the evolution of Chinese urban sculpture theory and the concept of public art. It structures the "openness" theory from outstanding foreign case analysis. In addition, it has utilize the aesthetic knowledge of the relevant theory to analyze the creation of urban sculpture studies and planning, and use the real case of Beijing City Sculpture plan to discuss the application of the "openness" of the urban sculpture. Oversee the evolution of the theories of urban sculpture in China, it is less than 30 years from its establishment. How to explore the future direction of the development of urban sculpture in China, has become an important issue of concern to urban scholars.Through the analysis of the urban sculpture theory, the thesis has proposed a new direction of the future urban sculpture in China, so that we can avoid a blind construction that is going to damage the holistic city image. In addition, the thesis is expecting to attract more in-depth and new discussions amongst scholars with artistic potential and aesthetic advantage.更多还原