【作者】 李国富；

【导师】 李珠；

【作者基本信息】 太原理工大学 ， 结构工程， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 科学预测,未来矿井热害防治技术将决定着矿井的极限开采深度。目前国内外对矿井热害的治理以加大通风量降温、制冷降温和制冰降温等被动降温方法为主,其主要缺限是投入大、能耗高、效率低。论文提出的主动降温技术,是在巷道支护结构中添加隔热材料,形成“隔热结构”,将热害阻止在井巷外围,降低围岩热量向井巷的排放,达到减排降温目的。减少高温岩层向巷道的热排放,降低巷道风流温度,实现矿井节能是研究的主要目的。首先在矿井降温理论基础上,推导出巷道隔热结构的减排和降温计算理论模型,为巷道隔热效果分析和试验提供了理论依据；其次,通过实验和试验,开发出玻化微珠基材的巷道“注浆”和“喷浆”新型隔热材料,应用于高温巷道隔热结构,实现巷道隔热、减排、降温；最后,经现场试验研究,得出了巷道减排和降温计算理论模型,并总结出试验条件下,喷浆、注浆、注填和矿物类型隔热层放热量和巷道出口风流温度分析模型。研究为巷道隔热、减排和降温工程的设计应用,为隔热结构实施前后降温效果预测提供了依据。主要研究内容与创新：1.研究了巷道“非隔热结构”和“隔热结构”的热传递特征。根据“非隔热结构”热传递和温度场理论,建立了巷道“隔热结构”热传递分析计算理论模型；提出了不稳定换热系数k’、巷道热排量、风流温度及降温效果解析计算式,为巷道“隔热结构”设计提供了理论依据。2.分析了多孔状、纤维状、组合状及玻化微珠等结构材料的传热特征、机理和传热模型,为巷道新型玻化微珠隔热材料的研究开发提供了理论依据。3.实验室研究中以玻化微珠为基材,开发了用于井巷隔热结构的“注浆隔热”和“喷浆隔热”两种新型材料。试验测定了9组“注浆隔热”和9组“喷浆隔热”材料的不同配合比,并制作了用于导热系数、单轴抗压强度、侧限抗压强度和渗流系数测试试件,测得各组试验数据。采用正交设计理论,对试验数据进行直观和方差分析,考虑导热系数和强度指标的主次关系,得出了“注浆隔热”最优配比为玻化微珠：水泥：砂子：添加剂注1#=120：350：200：20；“喷浆隔热”最优配比为玻化微珠：水泥：砂子：添加剂喷3#=200：150：150：20。并得出了玻化微珠在“注浆隔热”和“喷浆隔热”材料中掺量与导热系数、单轴抗压强度、侧限抗压强度的实验模型,为巷道隔热结构的设计实施与效果分析提供了实验参数。4.对“注浆隔热”和“喷浆隔热”结构方案的结构力学性能和稳定性进行了理论分析和数值分析,结果表明两种类型隔热层在巷道变形和受力过程中保持稳定,满足支护结构需要。5.对“注浆隔热”层结构进行了隔热性能和稳定性能的现场试验,通过对巷道终端风温测试,并对理论计算值与实测值进行对比分析,表明巷道温度的计算值与实测值误差范围在10%以内,计算和实测数据具有较高的拟合性,可以作为同类条件下巷道风流温度设计预测的依据。6.对“注浆隔热”层结构进行力学性能和稳定性观测分析,“注浆隔热”层侧限压力小于其侧限抗压强度；巷道顶底板相对位移一般不超过40mmm,两帮相对位移一般不超过35mmm,巷道表面变形稳定。监测结果表明“注浆隔热”材料满足结构的力学性能和稳定性要求。7.试验推导出喷浆、注浆、注填、矿物类型隔热的巷道放热量和出口风流温度分析模型及方程,可以作为同类工程技术条件下巷道放热量和巷道出口风流温度分析预测模型,为设计、施工和参数预测提供了依据,具有显著的应用价值。8.技术经济分析表明,巷道“隔热结构”在控制矿井地热方面具有显著的技术经济效益,经深入研究推广,将产生更大的社会效益。该课题的研究成果丰富了煤矿、非煤矿山和地下工程领域井巷主动降温的理论和技术,为矿井降温节能提供了新的途径,对制定我国矿山和地下工程领域降温节能的行业标准和技术规范提供了借鉴。项目研究开发获得资助的有：国家自然基金：“基于关键块运动原理采场矿压研究”,项目号：50774078；国家重点实验室开放基金：“巷道围岩注浆技术研究”,项目号：07KF02。研究开发的“地下工程用刚柔性防水密闭材料及应用”、“具有吸能与抗压的地下硐室”获得两项国家发明专利。“基于平战结合的地下高效停车系统研究开发”项目在研究中引用了该论文多项研究成果,并获得国家金桥奖,证书号：JQJ2009-X-021。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is forcasted that maximum exploitation deepth of shaft is determined by the prevention and treatment technology of shaft heat harm in the future.The main methods of shaft heat harm treatment are inceasing mine ventilation amount method of heat extraction cooling, ice-making cooling, refrigeration cooling, and other passive cooling method, the main defects of which are heavy investment, high operating cost and low production efficiency at home and abroad now. Active cooling technique is that adding insulation materials into roadway supporting structure and forming’insulation structure’.After the construction, shaft heat harm is kept away from the outside of shaft and tunnle, and emission of heat energy to shaft and tunnle is bring down, thus aim of emission reduction, cooling and energy saving could be realized.The main purpose of research is to realize energy saving of mine, reduce thermal discharge and wind temperature of roadway. Firstly, based on mine cooling theory, theory model of roadway insulation structure energy emission reduction and cooling is deduced, which can provide theory base for roadway insulation effect analysis.Secondly, through test and experiment, new type of heat insulation material about grouting and gunite which is based on vitreous micro-bead material is developed, and it is applied on high temperature roadway insulation structure to realize heat insulation, emission reduction and cooling.Finally, through field test, theory model of roadway emission reduction and cooling is deduced. Analysis model of gunite, grouting, filling and mineral type about roadway heat and wind temperature analysis is summed up in the condition test.The research can be a basis for design and application of roadwayhea (?), emission reduction and (?) and vfor cooling effect prediction of heat insulation structure.The main reseach contents and innovation:1.Heat transmission characteristic of’heat insulation structure’and ’non-insulation structure’of roadway is studied. Calculation theory model of roadway’heat insulation structure’is established, according to heat transmission and temperature field theory of’non-insulation structure’. Analytic formula of instability coefficient k’of thermal exchanging, heat reducing, wind temperature and cooling are proposed, which can provide theory basis for design of roadway ’heat insulation structure’.2.Heat compensator conducting property, mechanism and model of vesicular, fibrous, combined vitreous micro-bead and other structure materials are analyzed, which can provide theory basis for the development of new type vitreous micro-bead insulation materials.3.Two new types of materials of "grouting and heat insulation layer" and "gunite and heat insulation layer" are developed based on vitreous micro-bead in the test. Mix proportion of 9 groups of " grouting and heat insulation layer" and " gunite and heat insulation layer" materials are tested, and rock samples of heat conduction coefficient, uniaxial compressive strength, sideway limit compressive strength and seepage coefficient are made, and test data is obtained. Based on orthonormal theory, intuitive analysis and variance analysis are carried out, considering relation of primary and secondary of heat conduction coefficient and strength index. Optimal proportion of "grouting and heat insulation layer" is vitreous micro-bead, cement, sand, additive, grouting 1#=120:350:200:20, and "gunite and heat insulation layer" optimal proportion is 200:150:150:20. Test model of heat conduction coefficient, uniaxial compressive strength, sideway limit compressive strength and mixing amount in "grouting and heat insulation layer" and "gunite and heat insulation layer "materials are obtained, which can provide test parameters for the design of heat insulation structure of roadway.4.Mechanical properties and stability of structure about "gunite insulation layer" and "grouting insulation layer" are studied in theory and numerical analysis, the results show that roadway structure can satisfy mechanical characteristics.5.Field test of stability and heat insulating property about "grouting and heat insulation layer" is carried on. Though test of wind temperature in roadway end, and comparative analysis of calculated value and measured value, it can show error range of calculated value of roadway temperature and measured value is under 10%. Calculated value can fit measured value, which can be basis for design and prediction of roadway wind temperature in similar condition.6.Mechanical properties and stability of "grouting and heat insulation layer" are observed and analyzed, and confining pressure is less than sideway limit compressive strength. Relative displacement of roof and floor usually does not exceed 40mm, and relative displacement of roadway walls usually does not exceed 35mm. Surface deformation of roadway is stable. Monitoring results show that material of " grouting and heat insulation layer" can meet the requirements of mechanical properties and stability of structure.7.Equation and analysis model of gunite, grouting, filling and mineral type about roadway heat and wind temperature analysis are derived, which can be a prediction model for roadway heat and wind temperature, which can also be a basis for design, construction and parameters prediction of roadway in similar condition, and have a remarkbly practice value.8.Analysis of technical economy shows that, roadway "heat insulation structure" can produce significant economic benefit in geothermal controlling aspects. It can produce remarkable benefits if research results can be appliedResearch and development of the task can enrich shaft and tunnel active cooling theory and technology of coal mine, provide a new way for cooling technique of roadway and present experience for compiling occupation standard and technical code of active cooling.The research task is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ("Research on Mine Pressure of Caving Workforce Based on Principle of the Key Block Movement", Grant No.50774078);Open fund of State Key Laboratory ("Research on Grouting Technology of Roadway Surrounding Rock " Grant No.07KF02);"Inflexibility and flexibility waterproof obfurage material and its application of underground engineering" and "Underground cavern which can absorb energy and bear pressure" of international patent are declared. Many results of this paper are used in the project of " Researching and Developing of Underground High Efficient Parking System" which obtains the first nation jinqiao prize, Certification No. JQJ2009-X-021。更多还原