【作者】 金云霄；

【导师】 冯传平；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学（北京） ， 环境科学与工程， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 污水排放标准日趋严格,众多新建和原有污水处理厂都面临着氮、磷达标排放的压力,以防止富营养化为目的脱氮除磷已成为学术界的主要研究目标之一,我国的污水处理行业正面临着污水深度脱氮除磷的问题。本研究自主研发的城市污水脱氮除磷创新工艺——智能化控制序批性生物膜反应器(ICS-SBBR),与传统的生物脱氮除磷工艺相比,具有单池运行,不需物理分区,微生物浓度高等优点。ICS-SBBR工艺系统以独特的运行方式按照时间顺序形成交替运行的(好氧/缺氧)n环境,创造有利于硝化、反硝化、好氧吸磷和反硝化摄取磷的环境条件,实现高效脱氮除磷,曝气时间和水力停留时间短,既节约了能耗,又减小了占地面积,降低了基建投资。本研究以混纺纤维填料计时器控制序批性生物膜反应器(TCS-SBBR)为参比,研究了不同进水C/N比下,混纺纤维填料ICS-SBBR工艺系统的脱氮除磷性能和微生物多样性；以悬浮填料TCS-SBBR为参比,研究了不同水力停留时间(HRT)、不同进水C/N比和C/P比时,悬浮填料ICS-SBBR工艺系统的脱氮除磷性能、反硝化菌和聚磷菌种属组成。主要研究成果如下：不同的进水C/N比和控制模式对悬浮填料ICS系统和TCS系统COD和NH4+-N的去除影响不大；但对TN的去除影响显著,尤其是当C/N比为5.0和3.3时,ICS系统对TN的去除率分别比TCS系统高15.5%和12.1%。C/N比对磷去除的表观影响不明显,但ICS系统和TCS系统内磷的去除机理不同,ICS系统中没有厌氧释磷现象的发生,缺氧期内能发生反硝化除磷,TCS系统为传统的厌氧释磷好氧吸磷工艺。ICS系统比TCS系统节能40%,HRT缩短30%。ICS系统内生物膜微生物生长环境为(好氧／缺氧)n,Bacteroidetes(拟杆菌纲)类群占群落的45%,为优势菌群,而TCS系统内生物膜微生物生长环境为厌氧／好氧,Betaproteobacteria(β-变形杆菌纲)类群占群落的37%,为优势菌群；优势菌群的不同,导致ICS系统和TCS系统对氮的去除效果和除磷的机理不同。以悬浮填料SBBR系统为研究对象,在一个运行周期内,调整TCS系统的‘厌氧+好氧’时间,共设置4种HRT工况：(3+5)h、(3+6)h、(4+5)h、(2+7)h。在4种HRT工况下,HRT对ICS系统去除有机物、氮和磷的性能没有影响,但对TCS系统NH4+-N、TN和TP的影响较大,尤其是当(4+5)h时,去除效果不显著(53.6%、82.9%和69.0%),而(2+7)h时,仅部分恢复(48.0%、68.4%和75.7%)。C/N比对悬浮填料ICS系统和TCS系统内TN的去除影响显著,ICS系统对TN的去除率分别为96.3%、89.7%和84.3%,而TCS系统则为89.2%、79.5%和76.8%；对TP去除的表观影响不明显,去除率均为100%。仅改变C/P比不影响ICS系统和TCS系统对TN和COD的去除。对悬浮填料ICS系统和TCS系统中反硝化菌和聚磷菌的研究发现,反硝化聚磷菌是聚磷菌中的重要组成部分,在缺氧环境下能够成为优势菌群；系统中存在着能直接好氧吸磷的聚磷菌,可不经过厌氧释磷阶段而直接除磷,且系统需要的HRT较短。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sewage drainage standards become more stringent and a large number of new and existing sewage treatment plants are facing the pressure of the nitrogen and phosphorus discharge standards. For the purpose to prevent the eutrophication, nitrogen and phosphorus removal has become the main national goal of academia. Sewage treatment industry in China is facing the problem of nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater. Intelligent controlling system-sequencing batch biofilm reactor (ICS-SBBR), the developed innovative technology of nitrogen and phosphorus removal from urban sewage in this study has the advantages of operation with a single Structures, no physical partition, and high microbial concentration compared with conventional nitrogen and phosphorus process. ICS-SBBR process creates alternating running (aerobic/anoxic)n environment in chronological order in a unique operation mode. This creates benefit conditions for nitrification, denitrification, aerobic phosphorus uptake and denitrifying phosphorus uptake, and short aeration time and hydraulic retention time, which saves energy, minimizes the area, and reduces the investment in infrastructure.This study investigated nitrogen and phosphorus removal performance and microbial diversity in blended fiber filled ICS-SBBR process under different C/N ratios. The nitrogen and phosphorus removal performance and species composition of denitrifying bacteria and polyphosphate accumulating organisms were also investigated in suspended materials packed ICS-SBBR process.Different C/N ratios and control modes had little effect on the COD and NH4+-N removal but significant effect on TN removal in suspended carrier ICS system and timer controlling system (TCS). When the C/N ratios were 5.0 and 3.3, TN removal efficiencies in ICS were 15.5% and 12.1% higher than those of TCS. The C/N ratio had no obvious effect on phosphorus removal. The mechanism of phosphorus removal in the ICS system was different from the TCS system. In ICS system, anaerobic phosphorus release did not occur, but denitrifying phosphorus removal could occur during the anoxic period, while TCS system was the traditional aerobic phosphorus uptake and anaerobic phosphorus release process. The ICS system saved as much as 40% energy than TCS system, and had a 30% shorter HRT than the TCS. In the ICS system. The environment for microbial growth was (aerobic/anoxic)n and bacteroidetes group, which was the most dominant bacteria, accounts for 45% of community. However, in TCS system, the environment for microbial growth was anaerobic/aerobic, andβ-Proteobacteria group accounted for 37% of communities, which acted as the most dominant bacteria. Different dominant bacterias led to different mechanisms of nitrogen and phosphorus removal within ICS system and the TCS system.In suspended material packed SBBR system, HRT was set HRT were set four kinds of conditions:(3+5) h, (3+6) h, (4+5) h, (2+7) h. HRT had little effect on removal of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus in ICS system but had significant effect in TCS system. The removal efficiencies were 82.9%,53.6%, and 69.0%at HRT of (4+5)h, while when the HRT was (2+7)h, the removal efficiencies were 68.4%,48.0%, and 75.7%. The C/N ratio greatly affected TN removal and TN removal efficiencies were 96.3%,89.7%, and 84.3%in ICS system, while in TCS system, removal efficiencies were 89.2%,79.5%, and 76.8%. The C/N ratio had little effect on TP removal. The C/P ratio could not affect TN and COD removal in both ICS and TCS system. Study on denitrifying bacteria and polyphosphate accumulating organisms in suspended material filled SBBR system shown that denitrifying phosphorus removal bacteria was an important part of PAOs, and whether it was dominant flora system depending on inducing conditions. Direct aerobic phosphorus uptake of PAOs existed in the system and could become dominant flora when induced. Phosphorus removal system performed direct uptake of phosphate with high efficiency and short HRT without anaerobic phosphorus release.更多还原