【作者】 王炜；

【导师】 陈方正；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学（北京） ， 资源产业经济， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 水资源是国家基础性的自然资源和战略性的经济资源,在未来国家经济社会发展中将长期占据重要的地位。我国水资源配置体系中存在的矛盾日渐突出,现实与理想模式还有很大差距。论文针对水资源禀赋差异与生态环境建设及保护的矛盾、水资源短缺与终端浪费严重的矛盾、水资源生产配送中行业管制与市场竞争的矛盾等重大问题,运用经济学等各种学科的相关理论原理,将研究的视角转向了水源、取水、制水、输配水和终端消费整个水资源配置环节,对水资源的公允配置问题进行了系统化的理论与实证研究。论文认为水兼具必需品和商品双重属性,因此在水资源禀赋的差异下,国家可以通过行政手段、市场手段和技术手段的搭配使用,确保基本水资源的需求、水资源的节约利用和合理消费、国家水资源安全等。其中水权是建立水市场、进行水资源优化配置的基础。我国水资源要实现合理有效配置、提高水利用效率,就需要充分借鉴国外水权制度经验和启示,依据一定的水权制度体系和相关的法律程序建立完善的水权管理制度体系和成熟的水市场,通过行政方式、市场方式相结合,有序进行水权的分配、获取和转让。同时,在我国水资源终端消费环节,由于科学有效的水价形成机制和管理机制不完善,不能有效反映水资源的稀缺性,成为造成我国水资源短缺和浪费并存的重要因素。实施阶梯式水价是城市终端消费改革的主要内容之一,目的是为了补偿成本、控制通货膨胀和节约用水等。因为我国生态水源非常脆弱,对负外部性的承载能力越来越低,使得我国处于一种水源开发利用与生态环境维护的两难状况,面临“公地悲剧”的困境。因此,减少外部性带来的一系列非公允配置现象的关键在于,减少和规范政府行政权力的活动范围,挖掘市场机制的协调力量,通过流域政府间生态补偿、排污收费与排污权交易等策略选择,同时在政府指导下和对关键环节的控制下,实现水务基础设施建设运营的商业化和市场化,由市场发挥对水资源乃至其他各类资源配置的基础性作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water resource is a nation’s fundamental natural resource and a strategic economic resource, playing an important role in the future economic growth of a nation in the long term. Conflict existing in China’s water resource allocation system is becoming increasingly prominent with a wide gap between reality and ideal pattern. Based on economics and other related principles, the thesis is focused on the key issues such as contradiction between water resource endowment disparity and entironment protection, contradiction between water resource shortage and serious waste, conflict between industry regulation and the market competition of water resource production, to make a systematic theory and case studies on fair allocation of water resource, with emphasis on waterhead, water obtainment, water production, water distribution and terminal water consumption. According to this thesis, water has double attributes of necessity and commodity, and therefore with water resource endowment disparity, the nation shall ensure the basic demand of water resource, abstemious and fair use of water resource and national water resource security through coordinated implementation of administrative regulation, market measures and technological ways. Among them, water right is the foundation for establishing water market and optimizing water resource allocation. In order to realized a fair and efficient allocation of water resource and improve the water use efficiency, the state shall make full use of foreign countries water right experience, establish a complete water right management system and a mature water market based on certain water right system and related laws and regulations, and carry out an orderly distribution, obtainment and transfer of water right, through administrative and market measures. In the meantime, due to an incomplete water price system and management, the rarity of water resource could not be reflected correctly, which is the main reason for the coexistence of water resource shortage and waste. Progression price is the main part of urban water consumption reform, aiming to compensate cost, control inflation and save on water. The fragility of water resource ecology in China put the nation into a dilemma: exploitation of water resource and maintenance of entironment, facing the“Tragedy of the Commons”. Therefore the key factor to decrease unfair distribution caused by externalities is to reduce and standardize the scope of administration management, tap the coordination of market, and realize the commercialization of water infrastructure facilities through eco-compensation and policy options of pollution charge and emission trading under the guidance of the government, with the market playing a role in water resources and other various resources’basic function.更多还原