【作者】 丛靖宇；

【导师】 李国婧；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古农业大学 ， 植物学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 甜高粱[Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench]生长能力强,有“高能作物”之称。发展种植甜高粱对推进我国现阶段以“非粮”原料为主的生物质能源工程,保障能源、粮食和环境安全具有重要意义。内蒙古自治区处于干旱、半干旱地区,拥有较为广阔的土地资源,适于大面积种植甜高粱,发展甜高粱产业化。本研究通过正交试验设计、静电处理、渗透胁迫和盐处理以及各种贮藏方式探讨了甜高粱的优质高产栽培技术、甜高粱秸秆中可溶性糖的提取技术、抗逆甜高粱品种的选育、甜高粱生长发育时期和秸秆的贮藏期内的糖代谢规律,为内蒙古自治区大力发展生物质能源的甜高粱产业化奠定基础。主要研究结果如下：1.呼和浩特市最佳栽培工艺条件为尿素132kg/hm2,磷酸氢二铵93kg/hm2,硫酸钾159kg/hm2,密度120,000株/hm2；赤峰林西县最佳栽培工艺条件为尿素132kg/hm2,磷酸氢二铵186kg/hm2,硫酸钾159kg/hm2,密度120,000株/hm2。2.静电处理可以使甜高粱秸秆中各种可溶性糖相互转化,但对秸秆中总糖含量的影响不显著；静电剂量2.0KV/cm×5min是增加甜高粱生物产量和干物质积累的比较适宜韵剂量。3.甜高粱在种子萌发阶段耐受PEG浓度范围为0～20%,耐受NaCl浓度范围为0～550 mmol/L;PEG和盐胁迫使甜高粱种子的萌发受抑制,且抑制程度与渗透剂的浓度成正比。4.温度和抽提时间是高效液相色谱提取甜高粱秸杆糖分的主要影响因素。最佳提取工艺条件是料液比为1/20；温度为70℃；提取时间为60min。5.不同的贮藏方式对甜高粱秸秆的含糖量的影响显著,其中收获后顺垄自然散放于田间的贮藏方式最好。收割顺垄放和去头不收割两种贮藏方式下葡萄糖和果糖含量高于其他两种贮藏方式,但总糖含量无显著差异；四种贮藏方式对甜高粱秸秆的水分含量、pH、矿质元素和氨基酸含量无显著差异。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sweet sorghum, having a rapid growth rate and more significant yield potential, is known as "high energy crop". Development in sweet sorghum cultivation is vital in maintaining safety of energy, food and environment in consideration of the exploitation of bio-energy made from the resource of no-maple food nowadays. Inner Mongolia, with vast land resources, suits for large-scale sweet sorghum growth for industrialization. In this study, the cultivation conditions on high quality and yield sweet sorghum planting, soluble sugar extraction and detection techniques, high resistant varieties screening and breeding, the pattern of glycometabolism at different growth stages and the storage methods of the straw were explored. The main results are as following:1. Optimum cultivation conditions in Hohhot is urea 132 kg/hm2, diamine 93 kg/hm2, potassium sulfate 159 kg/hm2 with density at 120,000/hm2; In Linxi County of Chifeng, the optimum cultivation conditions is urea 132 kg/ hm2, diamine 186 kg/hm2, potassium sulfate 159 kg/hm2 and density at 120,000/hm2.2. Static electricity treatment increased glucose and fructose content, but had no significant effect on the total sugar content of sweet sorghum straw; the optimum static electricity dose is 2.0 KV/cm×5min, the sweet sorghum biomass and dry matter accumulation were improved at this dose treatment.3. The tolerance concentration of PEG is from 0 to 20% for sweet sorghum at germination stage, and the concentration range of NaCl tolerance is form 0 to 550mmol/L; Seed germination is inhibited with increasing concentration of PEG and NaCl.4. Temperature and extraction time are the major factors that affected soluble sugar extraction rate by HPLC detection. The optimum condition is extracting one hour at 70℃with solid-liquid ratio of 1:20.5. The effect of different storage methods on the sugar content of sweet sorghum stalk was significant. Scattering in the field after harvesting was the best. It had no obvious effect among four kinds of storage methods on Brix, pH value, mineral element and amino acid content of sweet sorghum stalks. The total sugar content of sweet sorghum stalk among four kinds of storage methods had no striking difference, but the glucose and fructose content in stalk that scattering in the field and not-harvested were slightly higher than the other two storage menthds.更多还原