【作者】 仵希亮；

【导师】 王征兵；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业与农村社会发展， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 我国合作社发展有百年历史,从三民主义、共产主义时期到社会主义初级阶段,合作社有不同实践。自上世纪80年代,各种农民合作经济组织蓬勃发展,以及上世纪90年代后期的股份合作制试验,到2007年《农民专业合作社法》实施,农民专业合作社如今发展起来。但农民专业合作社处于不规范发展状态,有各种挂牌、翻牌、空壳合作社。对于农民专业合作社如何进一步发展,怎样看待农民专业合作社的各种不规范现象,本文结合国际合作社的发展方向和国内合作社的演变过程,在农民专业合作社现状的分析基础上,运用利益相关者理论分析农民专业合作社内外部的利益关系,并从非农合作上扩展农民专业合作社的发展空间。基于理论,结合现状,利用理论,提出了农民专业合作社的发展对策建议,以专业农民结成农民专业合作社,融入利益相关者,促进更多合作制组织的发展,政府规制农民专业合作社的发展。本文尝试构筑历史变迁、利益分析、空间扩展的三维分析框架,对当今农民专业合作社存在问题进行分析,寻求农民专业合作社的发展之道。本文最后所获得的结论是:合作社在中国持续着制度变迁,农民专业合作社以利益相关者联结成合作制组织,从非农合作拓展农民专业合作社的发展空间。本文共八章构成:第一章,导论。本章主要阐述了农民专业合作社的研究背景,研究的目的和研究意义,综述了农民专业合作社国内外研究动态,确立了本文农民专业合作社的研究思路和研究方法,总结了本文的可能创新之处。第二章,国内外合作社的历史变迁。本章从国际合作社原则不断变迁讲起,结合西方国家的不同实践,联系我国合作社发展历程,从三民主义、共产主义到社会主义的初级阶段,合作社都有不同的开展形式。如今农民专业合作社是上世纪90年代股份合作制的制度创新的继续。第三章,中国农民专业合作社发展现状问题。本章分析农民专业合作社的当前状况,农民专业合作社虽有别于以前的农民专业合作经济组织的叫法,它的内部治理还是之前各类合作经济组织的治理,因此农民专业合作社是农民经济合作经济组织的延续。《农民专业合作社法》虽有规范,当前政府为鼓励多多发展农民专业合作社,而注册简化、不验资、税收减免、扶持资金使许多农民专业合作社发展起来。农民专业合作社现状当中存在真假、规范不规范、综合型、专业型模式选择、农民专业合作社能否主导农业产业化这样的问题。本章举出了三个案例就当前农民专业合作社发展情况进行了实证分析。第四章,中国农民专业合作社利益分析——利益相关者的视角。本章以利益相关者的视角对农民专业合作社进行了利益分析,农民专业合作社中涉及到管理者、成员之间的一级利益相关者以及合作社与社区、政府、消费者、供应者、竞争者、自然环境的二级利益相关者,如何处理利益关系对合作社发展至关重要。以利益相关者为考虑连结利益相关者下的合作制组织,不简单理解形式上的合作社,而是从把握合作的本质,构建利益相关者的合作制组织,组织的治理倾向于网络治理。本章举出了三个案例详细分析不同类型的合作社的利益处理关系。第五章,中国农民专业合作社的空间扩展——非农合作。本章提出了农民专业合作社所需要的空间问题,如今合作社体系的缺乏,合作社建立仅仅限制于农业,在工商业等非农行业则是不存在,但不能否认合作社的治理框架是适合非农行业的,合作社原本是起源于工人所组成的消费合作社,在中国伴随农民分化、农村城市化和工商资本大幅度进入农业领域,从农民合作到三农合作,到工人、消费者、个体经营者主导的城市里工商业的非农合作,合作已经不限制于农民主导和三农领域,合作有了更大的空间,以非农合作的开展和非农合作社的建立来扩展农民专业合作社的发展空间。既有的城市市民社会已经有了非农合作的基础,但在中国工业化过程中,片面强调产业集约化发展中物质资本主导,而作为人力资本的劳动自下而上的合作社组织没有发展的制度供给。从广阔的合作体系构建和非农合作的开展,这才能为农民专业合作社提供一种对接和支持。第六章,中国农民专业合作社发展的对策建议。本章提出了农民专业合作社的发展对策建议:以专业农民结成农民专业合作社,农民专业合作社是专业农民结成的队伍;农民专业合作社要融入利益相关者,促进更多合作制组织的发展;政府规制农民专业合作社的发展,政府经营权赋予,农民专业合作社在规模上适当控制,农民加入农民专业合作社可以从挂靠开始,对于农民专业合作社的联合社的发展要以夯实基层社为前提。第七章,结束语。本章提出农民专业合作社的走向,并对要研究的问题进行展望。农民专业合作社的走向:合作社在中国持续着变迁,农民专业合作社以利益相关者联结成合作制组织,从非农合作拓展农民专业合作社的发展空间。下一步的要研究的问题是:产业组合问题,合作体系建立问题,非农合作组织建立问题,合作制组织问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 The co-operatives have developed in China for one hundred years. There were deferent experiences about co-operatives from the period of the Three People’s Principles, communism to the primary stage of socialism. Since the 80th of last century, various farmers’cooperative economic organization flourished, the joint stock cooperative system was put into experiments in the late 90th of last century. In 2007,Law of the People’s Republic of China on Farmers’ Specialized Co-operatives was implemented, farmers’ specialized co-operatives grow rapidly, but irregularly, Many of the co-operatives are affiliated, changed, empty.How to make the Farmers’specialized co-operatives develop healthily, how to look on the irregular condition of the farmers’specialized co-operatives? According to the development of international co-operatives and evolvement of the co-operatives in our country, based on the analysis to the current situation of farmers’specialized co-operatives, we analyze the historical evolution of the farmers’specialized co-operatives, use the stakeholder theory to analyze the internal and external benefit relations of the farmers’specialized co-operatives, expand the developing space of the farmers’specialized co-operatives. We also give the suggestions about the development of the farmers’specialized co-operatives, the farmers’specialized co-operative can be organized by specialized farmers, more stakeholders can be considered, the cooperative organization can be developed, and the governments can regulate the development of the farmers’specialized co-operatives. We try to construct the three-dimensional analysis frameworks from the historical evolution, benefit analysis, space expand. Based on the analysis of the current problems of the farmers’specialized co-operatives, we look for the development way of the farmers’specialized co-operatives The development space of the farmers’specialized co-operatives will be expanded from the non-agricultural cooperation.At the end of the dissertation, we get the conclusion. The historical evolution is continual in China. The cooperative organization will be formed by the stakeholders in the farmers’specialized co-operative.There are seven chapters in the dissertation:Chapter 1, introduction. In the chapter we introduce the study background, purpose and significance. After the current study condition at home and aboard is summarized, the study ideas and methods were introduced, and the possible innovations are pointed out.Chapter2, historical evolution of the co-operatives at home and aboard. The international co-operative principles were kept changing. According to the deferent experience in western countries, from the period of the Three People’s Principles, communism to the primary stage of socialism, the co-operatives are changing. The farmers’specialized co-operative is the continual evolution of the joint stock cooperative system.Chapter 3, the current situation of the farmers’specialized co-operatives in China. In this chapter the current situation and problems are analyzed. The farmers’specialized co-operatives are the continual bodies of the former farmers’cooperative economic organization. The internal management isn’t changed too much. Many reasons such as the simply registration, no capital verification, tax concessions, nursery finance result in the rapid growth of farmers’specialized co-operatives. There are many problems such as the true & false, regular & irregular, comprehensive & specialized, whether the farmers’specialized co-operatives play the leading role in the agriculture industrialization. Three cases are given to analyze the problems.Chapter 4, analysis on the internal and external benefit relation of the farmers’specialized co-operatives in the eyesight of stakeholders. The benefit relations of the farmers’specialized co-operatives are about the first class relations of the managers, members, the second class relations of community, governments, consumers, suppliers, competitors, national environment. It is very important to deal with the above relations. The cooperative organization can be organized by the stakeholders based on the stakeholder theory. The co-operatives can’t be understood simply, the essence of cooperation should be mastered. The management of the organization trends to the network governance. Three cases are given to analyze the benefit relations of deferent kinds of co-operatives.Chapter 5, space expand of the farmer’specialized co-operatives in China—non-agricultural sectors. In this chapter, the development space of the farmers’specialized co-operatives is required. We are short of the co-operatives system, the co-operatives aren’t limited on the agriculture, farmer, and rural areas, they are appropriate for the non-agricultural sectors. The co-operatives originated from the customers’co-operatives organized by the workers. In China, with the disintegration of peasant strata, the rural urbanization and the mass investment from the industry and commerce capital,the farmers’specialized co-operative can be expanded to the cooperation about agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, further to urban non-agricultural cooperation leaded by the workers, consumers, self-employed staffs in industry and commerce sectors. The co-operation isn’t limited on the leading role of farmers and on the agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, and has more space which can be expanded by the non-agricultural cooperation and the establishment of non-agricultural co-operatives. The existing urban civil society is the base of the non-agricultural cooperation. In the industrial progress in China, the leading role of the material capital in the industry intensification was more emphasized. The institution supply of the co-operatives organized by the human capital from the bottom up wasn’t met. The construction of the broad co-operatives system and the launch of non-agriculture cooperation can give the support and connect to the farmers’specialized co-operatives.Chapter 6 suggestion to the development of the farmers’specialized co-operatives in China. In this chapter, suggestions to the development of the farmers’specialized co-operatives in China are given. the farmers’specialized cooperative can be organized by specialize farmers, more stakeholders can be considered, the cooperative organization can be developed, the governments can regulate the development of the farmers’specialized co-operatives and give more prior managerial authority to the farmers’specialized co-operatives. The farmers’specialized co-operatives have their own scale. The farmers can be officiated to the farmers’pecialized co-operatives at first. The united co-operatives should be built on the regular farmers’specialized co-operatives.Chapter 7, conclusion. In this chapter the conclusion is made. The trend of the farmers’specialized co-operatives in China is that: the historical evolution is continual in China, the cooperative organization will be formed by the stakeholders in the farmers’specialized co-operative, and the non-agriculture co-operatives should be developed from the farmers’specialized co-operatives. The next problems which should be studied are: the industrial combination, the construction of the co-operatives system, the establishment of non-agricultural co-operative organization in China and the co-operative organization.更多还原