【作者】 丁力平；

【导师】 谭建荣； 冯毅雄；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 机械设计及理论， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 为解决产品定制化程度与质量稳健性之间的矛盾,本文提出了面向质量特性的定制产品稳健设计技术,对产品质量模型的构建、产品质量特性的优化提取方法、产品模块的划分与重构技术、产品族的稳健规划和产品模块选配与装配线设计进行了深入研究,并结合企业具体应用将上述技术应用于实际产品开发中,取得了良好的效果。论文的主要内容如下：第一章综述了质量特性和定制产品设计的研究现状,阐述了稳健设计的内涵和研究现状,在分析了现有定制产品的稳健设计方法不足基础之上,给出了面向质量特性的定制产品稳健设计的主要思想和研究背景。第二章分析了产品的基本质量观,探讨了定制产品的质量概念特点,提出了定制产品质量物元概念,给出了质量物元的表达方法,并基于可拓逻辑的物元变换构建了定制产品的多维质量物元模型；在此基础上,提出了定制产品的多维质量物元可拓评价方法。数控加工中心的质量模型构建与质量评价实例,验证了方法的可行性。第三章提出了基于证据推理的细分需求群质量特性提取方法。研究了客户需求的物元表达、关系和筛选,给出了客户需求物元相似性度量计算方法,采用物元蚁群聚类实现了对客户需求群的聚类细分；建立了客户需求、质量特性以及质量特性自相关的群体信念度结构,通过对评价证据的融合与递归推理,得出客户需求重要度、质量特性初始重要度和质量特性自相关关系,进而构建了优化决策的整数规划模型,实现了对细分需求群的质量特性优化提取。上述方法在数控加工中心需求聚类划分和质量特性提取的具体应用,可表明方法的先进性。第四章提出了基于质量准则的产品模块划分与重构方法。研究以质量需求变化而引起的产品零部件之间的变动程度为模块划分准则,并由此给出质量需求与产品零部件的关联变动度计算方法,采用扩展的解析结构模型对产品综合关联关系进行描述,通过对扩展解析结构模型的演化分解,形成产品初始模块,给出了衡量模块聚合度,耦合度以及质量需求趋同度的计算方法,构建了产品模块重构的优化数学模型。最后详细分析了GMC型精密五轴加工中心的模块划分与重构的应用案例。第五章提出了基于多元质量特性波动的产品族稳健规划方法。针对设计参数随机变化引起的产品族质量特性的波动问题,提出了多元质量特性稳健指数概念和计算方法,构建了以多元质量特性稳健指数作为约束条件的产品族稳健优化模型；在产品族规划过程中,首先通过对设计参数的灵敏度分析选择平台参数,然后采用模糊C-均值聚类算法确定平台参数的共享策略,最后进行产品实例的稳健优化,实现设计目标与设计稳健性的综合优化。以数控加工中心的微型电机产品族设计为具体应用,证明所提方法是一种有效的产品族稳健优化设计方法。第六章提出了基于田口质量的定制产品选配及装配线平衡优化方法。分别给出了衡量模块实例稳健性和产品装配稳健性的计算公式,据此建立了定制产品稳健选配的数学规划模型,实现模块实例的最优选配组合；构建了以装配线闲置率、负荷均衡和装配成本为决策目标的装配线平衡多目标优化数学模型,并将蚁群优化算法与Pareto过滤技术相结合,提出了可求解装配线平衡的多目标蚁群优化算法。分别以数控加工中心的关键部件回转刀架装置和机械手装置的模块选配和装配生产实例,验证了上述模型和算法的有效性。第七章结合企业项目需求和本文研究成果,开发了数控机床定制化稳健设计系统(CNC-CRDS),以工程实践验证了所提理论和方法的正确性和可行性。第八章总结了本文的主要研究内容和成果,并展望了今后的研究工作。更多还原

【Abstract】 To deal with the contradiction between the customilized level and quality robustness of product, a new technology of robust design for customization products oriented to quality characteristics is proposed in this dissertation, which is mainly consisted of the construction of product quality, the optimization extraction method of product quality characteristics, the partition and reconfiguration of product module, the robust programming of product family and the design of selective assembly and assembly line balancing. Furthermore, the effective applications on practical projects proved advancement and validity as well.The main contents of this dissertation are as follows:Chapter 1 gives the reviews of quality characteristics and customization product design. The connotation and current research of robust design are discussed as well. Based on the analyzing the deficiencies in existing method of robust design for customization product, the main ideas and research background of robust design for customization products oriented to quality characteristics are given.Chapter 2 analyzes the basic quality viewpoint about product, discusses the characteristics of quality conception for customization products, proposes the concept of quality matter-element for customization products, gives the expression method of quality matter-element, and constructs the multidimensional quality matter-element model by matter-element transformation based on extension logic. And then extension evaluating method of multidimensional quality matter-element for customization products is put forward. The instance of model construction and quality evaluating for Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) machining center is given to illustrate the feasibility of the methods.Chapter 3 proposes an extraction method of quality characteristics for the segmentation of customer groups based on evidence reasoning. The matter-element description, the relationship and the selection for customer requirements are researched, and the calculation method of the similarity measure for customer requirements matter-element is given, then applying matter-element ant colony clustering algorithm to segment the customer requirement groups. Moreover, the evidence model of group belief degree about customer requirement, quality characteristics and interrelation among quality characteristics is built up firstly, then the importance degree of customer requirement, the initial importance degree of quality characteristics and the interrelation among quality characteristics are deduced by evaluation evidence fusion and recursive reasoning. In addition, the decision-making optimization model based on integer programming is constructed to extract the quality characteristics for the segmentation of customer requirement groups. The abovementioned approaches are applied to the case of CNC machining center on segmenting customer requirement groups and extracting quality characteristics to demonstrate the advantage.Chapter 4 proposes the method of product module partition and reconfiguration based on quality criterion. The variation of components arisen by the change of quality requirement is researched as the criterion of module partition, and the calculation method of interactive variation degree about quality requirements and product components is given accordingly. Then the extended Interpretive Structure Modeling(ISM) is developed to describe the interactive relationship of product components, and the initial allocation of modules is formed by decomposing the extended ISM. Moreover, the calculation methods concerning the clustering degree, the coupling degree and the approximation degree of quality requirements are presented. The reconfiguration programming model of modules is proposed correspondingly. Finally, the module partition and reconfiguration of GMC CNC machining center is analyzed as an instance.Chapter 5 proposes the method of product family robust programming based on the fluctuation of multiple quality characteristics. Aiming at the fluctuation problem incurred by the stochastic change of design parameters for the quality characteristics of product family, the conception defined as multiple quality characteristics robust index and its calculation method is presented, then, taking the robust index as the constraint condition, the robust optimization model of product family design is constructed. During the programming of product family, the platform parameters are chosen through analyzing the sensitivity of the design parameters firstly. Then, the Fuzzy C-Means clustering algorithm was applied to determine the share strategy of platform parameters by clustering the performance variation. At last, the robust optimization of instance products is implemented to carry out the integration optimization of design objective and design robustness. The feasibility and effectiveness of proposed approach are demonstrated by the robust optimization design of CNC machining center’s micro-motor families.Chapter 6 proposes a optimization method of selective assembly and assembly line balancing based on.Taguchi’s quality. The. calculation formulae of instance robustness and product assembly robustness are given. Based on above foundation, the mathematical programming model of robust selective assembly for customization product is built up with the goal of optimal assembly combination of module instances. Moreover, concerning the objectives of line idle rate, workload smoothness and assembly cost, the multi-objective optimization mathematical model of assembly line balancing is formulated, and a multi-objective ant colony algorithm to solving the assembly line balancing is proposed by combining the ant colony optimization algorithm and Pareto filter technology. Finally, the case of CNC machining center’s key components which is revolving tool holder and controlled robotic arm is provided to illustrate the proposed model and algorithm.Chapter 7 develops the CNC machine customization robust design system (CNC-CRDS) oriented quality characteristics with the project requirement and research results, which shows the validity and feasibility of the new theory and method proposed in the dissertation.Chapter 8 summarizes the key research contents and achievements, and givens conclusions along with recommendations for future research.更多还原