【作者】 郑慧；

【导师】 金祥荣；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 政治经济学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 商会研究对于中国民营经济发展和现代市场组织制度建设与完善意义重大,但由于商会不是纯粹的经济组织形式,经济学文献中无论是契约理论还是集体选择理论,均未把商会作为研究对象,因此商会研究缺乏基本的经济学分析框架。本文意欲运用俱乐部理论、利益集团理论等,理论与实证相结合,把商会作为供给俱乐部产品的共同利益性组织、从企业与商会的关系角度进行研究,主要回答商会的经济学性质是什么?本文认为商会具有俱乐部和利益集团双重属性：作为俱乐部,商会有最优规模和边界、企业对商会进行“用脚投票”；作为利益集团,商会代表谁的利益、以及集体行动的绩效讨论。本文的研究背景与对象主要是基于中国温州地区自发衍生的、具有代表性的商会。商会的俱乐部性质,是从商会内部组织的角度进行的经济学分析。企业和企业家通过消费商会的俱乐部产品来规避风险、解决组织松弛和增进效用,企业对俱乐部产品的需求随着企业规模扩大而增加,需求相对最强烈的是中等规模企业。商会成员数影响其最优规模,商会规模的扩大将导致拥塞。企业对商会的进入、忠诚、呼吁和退出分析,揭示了商会组织绩效不断增进的重要性：企业进入商会只需很小的成本,企业家对商会的忠诚度取决于随着商会组织绩效的提高企业家的效用可以增进多少；当商会组织绩效下降时,企业不是马上退出商会,而是进行呼吁；呼吁机制是商会主要的避免组织绩效衰退机制,但商会组织替代性的存在使退出机制也能起到阻止组织衰退的功能。商会的利益集团性质,则是商会在集体行动中显现的经济学性质。商会利益集团的形成,取决于集体行动的预期收益会大于预期成本,也受产业兴衰和政府干预的影响。本文还讨论了成员异质性的商会中企业效用最大化的制度安排。少数人一致同意和价格跟随是商会形成“同一个声音”的最主要方式；而双寡头竞争可能会发生非合作博弈导致非效率。商会集体活动的绩效是商会运行成本与收益的比较,分为组织本身的质量和组织活动的效果两方面。最后,本文还对影响温州商会组织绩效的因素进行了实证分析,结果表明,商会的组织绩效与全职的工作人员数、离职率、商会总收入等因素有相关性,尤其是“会长为商会工作的时间”与商会的组织绩效有着显著的正相关关系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Studies on Chamber of Commerce are of great important to China’s private economic development and modern market system construction and improvement. However, because Chamber of Commerce is not purely a business form, neither the contract theory nor the collective choice theory takes Chamber of Commerce as their research object, and there is a lack of fundamental analytical framework in Chamber of Commerce economic research. This dissertation is to study Chamber of Commerce as common interest group providing club products from the perspective of the relation between enterprises and Chamber of Commerce through normative researches and empirical studies, using club theory, interest group theory, etc. This dissertation is to solve the following problems:What is the nature of Chamber of Commerce? What is the optimal size and border of Chamber of Commerce as a club? What is the impact of Enterprises’ "voting with their feet" on the Chamber of Commerce? As an interest group, how does Chamber of Commerce form? Whose interests it represents? How do we measure the performance of the collective action? Background and object of this paper is mainly based on the Chamber of Commerce in Wenzhou, which is the representative of China’s Chamber of Commerce.The author first conducts Economic Analysis on the club nature of Chamber of Commerce from the perspective of the internal organization of the Chamber of Commerce. Enterprise demand for the club products increases with the enterprise scale. Medium-sized enterprises have strongest demand and the highest degree of loyalty to the Chamber of Commerce. Chamber of Commerce membership affects their optimal scale, and the expansion of Chamber of Commerce scale will lead to congestion.The enterprises’entry, loyalty, appeal and exit show the significance of the Chamber of Commerce’s performance increase. It costs little for enterprises to enter a chamber of commerce and the enterprises’loyalty to the Chamber of commerce is determined by the increased enterprises’ utility with the increased performance of the chamber of commerce. When the quality of Chamber of Commerce declines, enterprises do not immediately withdraw from Chamber of Commerce, but rather appeal. Appeal mechanism is the main mechanism to avoid the recessions of organizational quality, while the existence of an alternative exit mechanism can also serve to prevent a recession of the organization.The nature of business interests is the economic nature of the chamber of commerce’s collective action. The formation of chamber of commerce depends on the fact that expected return of collective action is greater than expected cost and affected by the industry boom and government intervention. This dissertation also discusses system arrangements for enterprises to maximize the utility in the chamber of commerce whose membership is heterogeneous. Minority of people unanimous agreement and price following are the main pattern of a "same voice" chamber commerce. Duopoly competition may occur and lead to non-efficiency of non-cooperative game.Performance of collective activity is the comparison of costs and benefits of Chamber of Commerce’s operation, which is categorized into the organization’s own quality and the effects of organizational activities. Finally, this dissertation also conducts an empirical analysis on the factors affecting organizational performance of Wenzhou Chamber of Commerce. The results show that there is significantly positive correlation between variables of the "president of the Chamber’s work time", " participate rate of members to the General Assembly " and the Chamber of Commerce Organization performance.更多还原