【作者】 刘浪；

【导师】 徐莉；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 随着我国经济的快速增长,公路基础设施日益成为制约经济快速增长的瓶颈因素,大量修建公路基础设施网络成为中央政府和地方各级政府拉动经济高速增长的必要手段和重要措施。近20年来,大量的资金投入到公路建设的浪潮中来,公路建设企业例如公路的勘察设计单位、施工单位、监理单位等订单不断,.业务饱满,伴随的是各类公路建设企业包括业主单位在内只注重建设规模,忽视了建设效益,导致在整个公路建设市场及具体的公路工程项目环境中,公路建设的参入方之间长期呈现一种对抗性的短期合作关系,而且项目实施的各个阶段和过程之间在规划实施、管理运作上相互分离、相互脱节,合作性较差,组织界面与过程界面协调沟通的难度较大。供应链管理在制造业的成功应用为公路建设企业提高管理效率和核心竞争力提供了新的思路和解决途径。公路建设项目供应链是一种典型的按订单制造(Make-to-Order)的供应链,从结构和功能方面来看,公路建设项目供应链具有集中性、临时性和复杂性的特征。考虑供应链中涉及的关系和行为,公路建设项目供应链具有三个属性：网络、态度和协作。公路建设项目供应链管理是一种基于供应的管理,将供应商、分包商、设计商、承包商、业主看作一条具有供需关系的建设链,对整个建设链按照供需关系进行纵向和横向的集成化管理,与传统的公路建设管理模式有着本质的区别。本文主要研究了公路建设项目供应链管理的质量、成本、进度控制策略,进而研究了公路建设项目供应链管理目标控制的绩效评价问题,并且结合公路建设实例进行验证,具体研究成果如下：(1)质量是公路建设项目的根本,本文建立了公路建设项目供应链的质量控制矩阵。一般情况下,公路建设的成本对质量的影响是非线性的,质量水平对投入成本的敏感程度会随着投入的增加越来越弱,随着这种变化,针对不同的喜好,存在一种合理最优解。本文运用遗传算法对公路建设项目的质量成本实施管理和优化,在编码过程中将优化水平转化为二进制串,计算出群体中各个个体的选择概率后,用轮盘赌选择法进行多轮选择。随后进行交叉和变异运算,直至达到预设的算法终止条件。本文以某公路建设工程项目为例,运用本文提出的质量成本优化的遗传算法,验证了其合理性与可行性。(2)成本是公路建设企业参入竞争的重要武器,本文定义了公路建设项目供应链的成本,分析了公路建设项目供应链的成本类别,重点对公路建设项目供应链的交易成本展开了研究。论文对公路建设项目供应链交易成本的维度、效率特征和影响因素展开了详细的分析,建立了交易成本评价指标体系,通过大量的走访和调查,选取了30个公路建设项目样本,提取了大量的交易成本数据,运用层次分析法(AHP)确定了指标的权重,基于TOPSIS法建立了公路建设项目供应链的交易成本评价模型。(3)公路项目能否在预期的时间内顺利进展并交付使用,直接关系到投资效益的发挥。本文研究了公路建设项目供应链总进度的特征和影响因素,着重探讨了供应链进度与成本的相互影响机理。公路建设项目供应链的进度控制侧重于从公路建设项目的全寿命周期出发,协调各个阶段的建设工期,以期达到效益最优的目的。本文提出了基于拆迁——建设——运营的进度成本优化原理,采用matlab软件构建了仿真系统,并用具体的公路建设项目实例验证了其可行性与有效性。(4)绩效评价关系到供应链的运行效率,本文在对供应链管理绩效评价理论研究的基础上,从供应链的质量、成本和进度控制三个方面构建了公路建设项目供应链管理目标控制的绩效评价指标体系,选用了适用于公路建设项目供应链环境下目标控制的绩效评价方法——数据包络分析方法。针对以上理论分析,用数据包络分析对湖南省CZ高速公路建设项目和另外三条高速公路建设项目进行了供应链管理目标控制的绩效评价,并对评价结果进行了深入分析。总之,本文致力于运用研究成果帮助解决公路建设项目管理所面临的突出问题,构建适合中国公路建设项目供应链的质量、成本和进度控制的相关模型,为确定公路建设项目供应链的交易成本、质量成本优化以及进度成本优化提供新的研究方法和管理思路,不断提高公路建设项目供应链管理的绩效水平,促进公路建设效益的持续提升。更多还原

【Abstract】 With China’s rapid economic growth, there is the bottleneck of factor in which infrastructure of highway limited chinese economic’ growth, a large number of highway construction infrastructure network as the central government and the local governments at various levels of economic growth means necessary and important measures.Over the past 20 years, large amounts of money are invested into the tide of highway construction. Such as survey and design firms, construction firms and supervision firms, most highway construction enterprises are full of orders and business.With these, all kinds of highway construction enterprises included of the owners only emphasize the scales, but neglect the benefits of constuctions, which results in that the relationships among the participations of highway construction seem to be adversarial and short-term all the time in the highway construction market and the specific environment of highway projects.Besides, in all phases of project execution and process, with the separation and disjunction of plan, implementation and management operation from each other, the coordination and communication are difficult on the tissue interface and process interface. But fortunately, the successful applications of the supply chain management in manufacturing provide new thinkings and solutions for highway construction enterprises in improving their management efficiency and core competitiveness.Make to order is one typical supply chain represented to highway construction project, featuring that is concerntrated, provisional and complicated by its aspect of structure and function.Involved in the supply chain relationships and behavior are considered, highway construction projects with three attributes:network, attitude and cooperation.Highway construction projects based on supply chain management is a kind of supply management. Suppliers, subcontractors, the designers, the owners formed as a supply and demand relation with the construction of the whole construction chain, the supply and demand relationship among the longitudinal and transverse integrated management, and the traditional management mode of highway construction are fundamentally different.This paper mainly studies the highway construction projects of supply chain management, cost, quality, schedule control strategy, and performance evaluation of highway construction example verified, Specific content as follows:(1)Quality is the fundament of highway construction projects.This paper builds the quality control matrix based on the supply chain in highway construction projects.In general, the quality of highway construction influenced by costs is nonlinear. Along with the increase of the input, the quality level to the sensitive degree of input costs will drop off. And along with this change, according to the different preferences, there is a reasonable optimal solution.In this paper, genetic algorithm is used to manage and optimize the quality cost of highway construction projects. In the coding process, we transform the optimal level into a binary string, compute the probability of each individual choice in group, and use the roulette selection method rounds.Then cross and use mutation arithmetic until it reaches the preset termination algorithm conditions. This paper takes a highway construction project as an example and uses the genetic algorithm for the optimization of quality cost proposed by this paper to verify its feasibility and rationality.(2)Cost has been one of the important competitive weapons among the competition of the highway construction company. This paper defines the cost of the highway construction projects of supply chain, analysising the categories of the cost of highway construction projects of supply chain, launched a study of transaction costs with emphasis on highway construction projects of supply chain. Papers on highway construction projects of supply chain efficiency, transaction cost characteristic dimension and the influence factors on the detailed analysis, has established the transaction cost evaluating indicator system, and selected samples of the 30 highway construction projects to determine the target weight using AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process), and established the transaction cost evaluation model for the highway construction projects of supply chain based on TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution) law.(3)Whether does the road project progress smoothly in the anticipated time and is available, direct relation investment benefit display.This article has studied the highway construction project supply chain total progress characteristic and the influencing factor, has discussed the supply chain progress and the cost mutual influence mechanism emphatically.Supply chain management for highway construction projects of progress control focuses on highway construction projects from the whole life cycle, is coordinated each stage the construction time, serves the benefit most superior purpose by the time.This article proposed based on the relocation-construction-operation’s progress cost optimization principle, using matlab software software simulation system constructed and road construction projects with specific examples demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness.(4)Performance evaluation to supply chain efficiency, this paper on Supply Chain Performance Evaluation Based on the theory, from supply chain quality, cost and schedule control construct three road construction projects supply chain performance evaluation system chosenapply to highway construction project supply chain performance evaluation method-data envelopment analysis to explain the data envelopment analysis the basic principles. According to the theoretical analysis above, we use the measures of data envelopment analysis to evaluate the performace of the supply chain of hunan CZ highway construction project and another three highway construction projects, and in-depth analysis their evaluation results.In summary, this article is committed to using research findings to solve the prominent problems which the highway construction project management now faces.Based on the supply chain of China’s highway construction projects, we build the related model of quality, cost and schedule control, providing new research methods and management thinkings for optimizing the costs of transaction, quality and schedule.These continuously improve the management standards of performace on the supply chain of highway construction project and promote the benefits of highway constructions.更多还原