【作者】 尹刚强；

【导师】 田大伦；

【作者基本信息】 中南林业科技大学 ， 生态学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 退耕还林是中国根治水土流失,改善生态环境的根本措施,也是土地利用调整的一种具体措施。本研究从林分生物量、土壤环境效应、养分积累和碳贮量及其空间分布特征、生态效益方面研究湖南会同退耕还林的生态环境效益,可为有关部门进一步完善退耕还林政策提供理论依据和技术支持,对巩固和发展退耕还林工程建设成果,持续开展退耕还林工程建设具有重要意义。主要研究结果如下：主要造林树种的单株生物量存在一定的差异,但均以地上部分占绝对的优势,占全株生物量的66%以上,各器官生物量的大小排序大致为：树干>树根>树叶>树枝>树皮。杜英×樟树混交林分的生物量最高,为3.916 t·hm-2,樟树纯林的最低,为1.213t·hm-2。4种模式幼林各组分生物量相对分配百分率均表现为：树干(带皮)最大,为32.64%以上,树枝最小,仅为12.65%-17.98%之间。杜英×樟树混交林的平均净生产力最高,为0.4680 t·hm-2·a-1,樟树纯林为其次,杜英×乐昌含笑混交林最低,仅为0.0754t·hm-2·a-1,最高与最低相差0.3926t·hm-2·a-1。与对照地相比,0-60cm土层中,樟树林地、乐昌含笑×红花木莲混交林地、杜英×樟树混交林地、杜英×乐昌含笑混交林地平均容重下降,平均总孔隙度和平均自然含水率提高,而马尾松林地平均容重提高了14.64%,平均总孔隙度和平均自然含水率分别下降了13.21%、3.48%；马尾松林地、樟树林地、杜英×樟树混交林地、杜英×乐昌含笑混交林地、乐昌含笑×红花木莲混交林地的<0.01mm粘粒百分率分别提高了1.81%、14.99%、13.85%、31.26%、32.38%,1-0.05mm砂粒百分率分别下降了1.48%、13.88%、17.30%、39.78%、22.33%。退耕还林3a后,林地土壤物理性状得到了不同程度的改善,其中乐昌含笑×红花木莲混交林、杜英×乐昌含笑混交林呈现出最明显的改善作用,其次是樟树林和杜英×樟树混交林,马尾松林最弱。与对照地相比,0-60 cm土层中,pH值除马尾松林地不变外,杜英×乐昌含笑混交林地、乐昌含笑×红花木莲混交林地、樟树林地、杜英×樟树混交林地分别提高了4.30%、3.44%、1.51%、1.29%；乐昌含笑×红花木莲混交林地、杜英×乐昌含笑混交林地、杜英×樟树混交林地、樟树林地有机质平均含量分别提高了53.60%、39.24%、38.63%、24.83%,马尾松林地下降了18.66%；乐昌含笑×红花木莲混交林地、杜英×乐昌含笑混交林地全N平均含量分别提高了61.18%、37.28%,而杜英×樟树混交林地、樟树林地、马尾松林地分别下降了10.38%、14.76%、47.66%；5种模式林地全P平均含量均表现为提高,其中杜英×乐昌含笑混交林地提高幅度最高,为81.75%,马尾松林地提高的幅度最小,为7.94%,全Mg平均含量提高了33.10%以上,全K平均含量均显著下降,下降幅度为43.44%-61.93%之间,全Ca平均含量下降了63.04%以上；杜英×乐昌含笑混交林地、乐昌含笑×红花木莲混交林地平均速效N含量分别提高了21.14%、7.53%,而樟树林地、杜英×樟树混交林地、马尾松林地分别下降了4.41%、9.39%、11.39%,5种模式林地的速效P、速效K平均含量显著提高,提高幅度分别为26.61%-86.85%和120.67%-219.51%之间。5种模式林地土壤微量元素含量变异系数在0.40%-16.40%之间,Zn、Pb、Ni、Cu、Cd的平均含量均未超过中国土壤环境质量标准(GB15618-1995)的Ⅲ级标准值。与对照地相比,在0-60cm土层中,5种模式林地Fe含量均显著下降(P<0.05),Cd平均含量均有相同的下降程度,Cu、Zn、Ni的平均含量却有不同程度的提高；除马尾松林地外,其他4种模式林地Mn的平均含量均显著提高(P<0.05),Pb、Co平均含量也均有所提高。退耕还林3a后,林地土壤pH值、有机质和部分养分元素含量提高,其中乐昌含笑×红花木莲混交林、杜英×乐昌含笑混交林最明显,其次是樟树林和杜英×樟树混交林,马尾松林最弱。土壤<0.01mm粘粒百分率与土壤自然含水率、pH值、全N、全P、全Mg之间显著正相关,土壤容重与土壤有机质、全P、全N、速效N、速效P、速效K之间显著负相关。退耕还林3a后,林地<0.01mmm粘粒百分率的增加,土壤容重下降,提高土壤涵养水分的能力、土壤pH值和贮存与吸收更多养分。土壤各化学因子之间的关系较为复杂,有的表现为相互促进,有的表现为相互抑制。以对照地为基准地,马尾松林地、樟树林地、杜英×樟树林混交林地、杜英×乐昌含笑混交林地、乐昌含笑×红花木莲混交林地的综合退化指数分别为-9.33%、18.45%、18.86%、29.33%、21.86%。樟树林、杜英×樟树林混交林、杜英×乐昌含笑混交林、乐昌含笑×红花木莲混交林模式明显地改善林地土壤理化性质,其中杜英×乐昌含笑混交林为最优的配置模式。种内各器官的灰分平均含量由高至低的排序为：乐昌含笑>红花木莲>樟树>杜英>马尾松,变异系数在38.36%-55.00%之间。树种间同一器官灰分平均含量以树皮的最高,树根为其次,树干最低,变异系数在37.49%-72.31%之间。5种树种各器官N含量最高,K、Ca的含量为其次,P的含量最低。同种营养元素在同一树种不同器官中的含量从高至低的排序大致为：叶>枝>皮>根>干；种间同器官同种营养元素的平均含量基本上也是以叶的含量最高,树枝次之,干的含量最小,变异系数在24.73%-69.16%之间,表明树叶含量最高和树干含量最低是主要造林树种一个基本特征。种内各器官同种营养元素的平均含量不同,马尾松体内各种营养元素含量普遍较低,变异系数在31.35%-110.92%之间。灌木、草本均以N含量最高,K含量次之,灌木P含量普遍最低,草本Mg含量普遍最低。不同生活型植物种间同种营养元素平均含量的排列顺序大致为：草本>灌木>乔木。同一林分下活地被物层的不同营养元素含量从高到低的排序为：N>K>Ca>Mg>P,死地被物层为：N>Ca>K>Mg>P。马尾松林、樟树林、杜英×樟树混交林、杜英×乐昌含笑混交林、乐昌含笑×红花木莲混交林木中N、P、K、Ca、Mg,总积累量分别为38.090、22.265、37.045、5.974和3.888 kg·hm-2,N、P、K、Ca、Mg积累量的大小排序除马尾松林为N>Ca>K>Mg>P外,其它模式为N>K>Ca>Mg>P;叶中积累量占林木积累量的比例远远超过其生物量占林木生物量的比例。0-60 cm土层中,杜英×乐昌含笑混交林地N、P、K、Ca、Mg总积累量最高,乐昌含笑×红花木莲混交林地和樟树林地次之,马尾松林地最低；与对照地相比,5种模式林地土壤N、P、K、Ca、Mg的总积累量均表现为下降,P、Mg积累量均表现为提高,K、Ca积累量均表现为下降,N积累量因林地不同而异。5种模式幼林生态系统中,土壤层(0～60cm)营养元素贮量最大,占生态系统营养元素总贮量的99%以上,植被层为其次,占0.30%以下,死地被物层为最小5种树种各器官Fe、Mn含量较高,其次是Cu,而Zn含量较低,种间同器官同种微量元素平均含量的大小排序因元素不同而异,变异系数在11.57%-67.37%之间,种内同种微量元素不同器官平均含量也不同,变异系数在35.63%-89.09%之间,表明不同树种同种器官对同种微量元素的吸收存在较大的差异,即使同一树种不同器官对同种微量元素的吸收也存在明显的差异。灌木、草本中Fe、Mn含量均高于Cu、Zn含量,不同生活型植物种间同种微量元素平均含量的大小排序大致为：草本>灌木>乔木。同一林分下地被物层中不同微量元素含量高低排序均为：Fe>Mn>Cu>Zn。马尾松林、樟树林、杜英×樟树混交林、杜英×乐昌含笑混交林、乐昌含笑×红花木莲混交林木中微量元素积累量分别为1490.679、679.277、1088.789、202.772和332.781g·hm-2,Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn积累量的大小排序除马尾松林为Mn>Fe>Zn>Cu外,其它模式为Mn>Fe>Cu>Zn,各器官微量元素积累量占林木总积累量的比例基本上随其生物量占总生物量的比例增大而增大。0-60 cm土层中,Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn总积累量马尾松林地最高,樟树林地次之,杜英×樟树混交林地最低,与对照地相比,5种林地Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn总积累量均为下降,各微量元素的积累量从大至小排列均为：Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu, Cu、Zn积累量均为提高,而Fe积累量均下降,Mn除马尾松林地下降外,其它4种模式均为提高。5种模式幼林生态系统中,土层(0-60cm)微量元素贮量最大,占整个生态系统微量元素总积累的99%以上,植被层为其次,约占0.002%,死地被物层为最小。马尾松、樟树、杜英、乐昌含笑、红花木莲不同器官的平均碳密度分别为：0.5296、0.5188、0.5178、0.5376、0.5355 gC·g-1,种间同器官的平均碳密度排序为：树干>树根>树叶>树枝>树皮；活地被物层、死地被物层碳密度分别介于0.4380-0.5380gC·g-1、0.5060-0.5200gC·g-1之间,土壤层(0-60 cm)平均有机碳密度介于0.00786-0.01485gC·g-1之间；退耕还林3a后,乐昌含笑×红花木莲混交林、杜英×乐昌含笑混交林、杜英×樟树混交林、樟树林土壤层有机碳密度比对照地分别提高了53.57%、39.19%、38.57%、24.82%,而马尾松林地下降了18.72%。林木各器官碳贮量基本上与各器官的生物量成正比例。5种模式幼林生态系统中,土壤层(0-60 cm)碳贮量最大,为74.518-119.312 tC.hm-2,占96.180%以上,植被层为其次,在0.633-2.960tC.hm-2之间,仅占0.642%-3.820%,死地被物层为最小。退耕后,樟树林、杜英×樟树混交林、乐昌含笑×红花木莲混交林、杜英×乐昌含笑混交林生态系统碳贮量分别增加了19.477、27.722、41.643、26.821 tC.hm-2,马尾松林下降了1.675 tC.hm-2。在保护水资源效益方面,樟树林最高,杜英×樟树混交林地最低；在固C释放02的效益方面,乐昌含笑×红花木莲混交林最高,马尾松林最低,且还呈现为负值。从总的生态效益看来,乐昌含笑×红花木莲混交林最高,达90794.32元.hm-2.a-1,杜英×乐昌含笑混交林为其次,为71471.14元·hm-2·a-1,而马尾松林最低,为9791.88元.hm-2·a-1。表明不同退耕还林模式具有不同的特点和优势,混交林模式优于纯林模式,且以落叶与常绿混交为最优。更多还原

【Abstract】 The’Grain for Green’program (GGP, i.e., conversion of farmland to florets) was not only a radical measure of elimnating soil erosion and improving ecological environment, but also a concrete measure of regulating lands-use composition in China. Eco-environmental benefit of’Grain for Green’program were investigated by studing biomass, effects on soil environments, nutrient accumulation and carbon storage in young stands within five afforestation patterns (Pinus massoniana pure forests, Cinnamomum camphora pure forests, Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Cinnamomum camphora mixed forests, Michelia chapensis and Manglietia insignis mixed forests, Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Michelia chapensis mixed forests) in Huitong County, Hunan Province, which could provide the significant reference and technical support of further perfecting conversion of farmland to florets policy for the relating administrative department, it was significant to consolidate achievement of the ’Grain for Green’program and sustained spread out the’Grain for Green’program. The main results are as follows:The biomass of per plant aboveground was absolute superiority in the main tree species, accounting for 66% of total plant biomass, the biomass of organs was essentially in the order as:trunk>root>leaf>branch>bark, there were some differences in biomass of per plant. The sub-biomass of Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Cinnamomum camphora mixed forest was the highest, up to 3.916 t.hm-2, the biomass of Cinnamomum camphora pure forests was the lowest,1.213 t.hm-2. Under four kinds of model for conversion of farmland to forestland, the relative distribution of percentage of each component biomass of young plantation was as follows:trunk (skin) accounted for the largest proportion of forest biomass, for more than 32.64%, the proportion of branch biomass was the smallest, only between 12.65% and 17.98%, the average net productivity of Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Cinnamomum camphora mixed forest was the highest, up to 0.4680 t.hm-2.a-1, Cinnamomum camphora pure was followed, Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Michelia chapensis mixed forest was the lowest, only 0.0754t.hm-2.a-1, the difference between the highest and the lowest was 0.3926t.hm-2.a-1.Compared with pre-converted farmland in soil layer (0-60cm), the average bulk density was declined, total porosity and natural water content were increased in Cinnamomum camphora pure forests, Michelia chapensis and Manglietia insignis mixed forests, Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Cinnamomum camphora mixed forests, Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Michelia chapensis mixed forests, while the average bulk density in Pinus massoniana pure forests was increased 14.64%, the average total porosity and average natural water content were decreased by 13.21%,3.48%, respectively; the cosmid pecent (<0.01mm) was respectively increased 1.81%,14.99%,13.85%,31.26%,32.38% and the sand pecent (1～0.05mm) was respectively decreased 1.48%,13.88%,17.30%,39.78%,22.33% in Pinus massoniana pure forests, Cinnamomum camphora pure forests, Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Cinnamomum camphora mixed forests, Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Michelia chapensis mixed forests, Michelia chapensis and Manglietia insignis mixed forests. Soil physical conditions had been improved in different degrees, in which the modification of Michelia chapensis and Manglietia insignis mixed forests, Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Michelia chapensis mixed forests showed the most significant, followed by Cinnamomum camphora pure forests, Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Cinnamomum camphora mixed forests, that of Pinus massoniana pure forests was the worst.Compared with pre-converted farmland in soil layer (0-60cm), pH respectively was increased 4.30%,3.44%,1.51%,1.29% in Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Michelia chapensis mixed forests, Michelia chapensis and Manglietia insignis mixed forests, Cinnamomum camphora pure forests, Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Cinnamomum camphora mixed forests, while unchanged in Pinus massoniana pure forests. Average content of soil organic matter respectively was increased 53.60%,39.24%,38.63%,24.83% in Michelia chapensis and Manglietia insignis mixed forests, Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Michelia chapensis mixed forests, Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Cinnamomum camphora mixed forests, Cinnamomum camphora pure forests, but was decreased by 18.66% in Pinus massoniana pure forests. Average content of N respectively was increased 61.18%,37.28% in Michelia chapensis and Manglietia insignis mixed forests and Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Michelia chapensis mixed forests, but respectively was decreased 10.38%,14.78%,47.66% in Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Cinnamomum camphora mixed forests, Cinnamomum camphora pure forests, Pinus massoniana pure forests. Average content of P improved in five model forests, of which the highest rate of Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Cinnamomum camphora mixed forests was 57%, and Pinus massoniana pure forests was the lowest,7.94%; the average content of Mg increased more than 33.10%, the average content of K was decreased significantly 3.44% to 61.93%, the average content of Ca was decreased more than 63.04%. Average content of available N respectively was increased 21.14%,7.53% in Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Michelia chapensis mixed forests, Michelia chapensis and Manglietia insignis mixed forests, while was decreased 4.41%,9.39%,11.39% in Cinnamomum camphora pure forests, Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Cinnamomum camphora mixed forests, Pinus massoniana pure forests. The average content of available P and available K obviously was increased 26.61% to 86.85% and 120.67% to 219.51% respectively in five model forest. Soil microelement content’s coefficient of variation of the five forests were in 0.40% to 16.40%, and the average content of Zn, Pb, Ni, Cu, Cd were both in the third rank of GB15618-1995. Compared with pre-converted farmland in soil layer (0-60cm), in the five forests, Fe obviously was increased (p<0.05), but Cd was decreased in same level, Cu, Zn, Ni was increased in different level. Expect in Pinus massoniana pure forests, Mn obviously was increased (p<0.05) in another afforestation model, Pb, Co was increased in some level, three years after the conversion of farmland to forests, pH, soil organic matter and part of nutrition elements were increased. Michelia chapensis and Manglietia insignis mixed forests, Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Michelia chapensis mixed forests had the most obviously change, the second were Cinnamomum camphora pure forests, Elaeocarpus sylvestrisand Cinnamomum camphora mixed forests, the last was Pinus massoniana pure forests.The significant positive correlation appears between the cosmid pecent(<0.01mm) and soil natural water content rate, pH, N, P, Mg; while the significant negative correlation appears between soil bulk density and soil organic matter, P, N, available N, available P, available K. Three years after the conversion of farmland to forests, the cosmid pecent (<0.01mm) increased and soil bulk density decreased, the ability of water conservation, pH, nutrient storage and absorption were increased. The ralationship among each chemical factor was very complex, some showed promote each other, but some showed inhibition each other. Assume that farmland was the standard, composite degradation index of Pinus massoniana pure forests, Cinnamomum camphora pure forests, Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Cinnamomum camphora mixed forests, Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Michelia chapensis mixed forests and Michelia chapensis and Manglietia insignis mixed forests were-9.33%, 18.45%,18.86%,29.33%,21.86%, respectively. All of them except Pinus massoniana pure forests could improve soil properties, Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Michelia chapensis mixed forests did it best in the four.The order of the average content of ash in different organs of the same tree was as follow:Michelia chapensis> Manglietia insignis> Cinnamomum camphora> Elaeocarpus sylvestris> Pinus massoniana and the coefficient of variation is between 38.36% and 55.00%. The average content of ash in the barks of different trees was the highest, the second was roots, the lowest was trunks, and the coefficient of variation was from 37.49% to72.31%. N concent was the highest in different organs of 5 kind’s trees, K and Ca was the second, the lowest was P. The order of same nutrient concent in same tree’s different organs from high to low roughly was as follows:leaf> branch> bark> root> stem. The highest nutrient average content of the same nutrient in 5 kind’s trees’same organ was leaves, the second was branches and the smallest was stem. Coefficient of variation was from 24.73% to 69.16%. The result showed that the highest leaves and lowest stem content was a basic feature of major afforestation trees. The average nutrient concent of different organs in the same tree was different; the nutrient concents of Pinus massoniana were generally low. The coefficients of variation were between 31.35% and 110.92%. N was the highest in Shrubs and herbs, K was the second, P was generally the lowest in shrub and Mg was generally the lowest in herb. The order of average content of nutrients between different species life ranked as:herbs>shrubs>frees. The different of nutrient content of living sort under the same stand from high to low was as follow:N> K>Ca>Mg>P, that of the dead litter layer:N>Ca>K>Mg>P.The total amount of nutrient elements of N, P, K, Ca, Mg were 38.090,22.265,37.045, 5.974 and 3.888 kg-hm-2 in five different forests of Pinus massoniana pure forests, Cinnamomum camphora pure forests, Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Cinnamomum camphora mixed forests, Michelia chapensis and Manglietia insignis mixed forests, Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Michelia chapensis mixed forests. The amount of accumulation presents was N>Ca>K>Mg>P in Pinus massoniana pure forests and N>K>Ca>Mg>P in another four different forests, which the proportion of leaf accumulation in tree accumulation were farther outweight than the proportion of biomass in tree biomass. The total amount of N, P, K, Ca, Mg in accumulation of 0-60cm soil layer of Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Michelia chapensis mixed forests was the highest. Michelia chapensis and Manglietia insignis mixed forests, Cinnamomum camphora pure forests took the second place, Pinus massoniana pure forests was the end. Compared with pre-converted farmland, the total amount of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in soil decreased in five different forests. At the same time, the accumulation P, Mg increased and K, Ca decreased, but N presented different in different forests. In these five modle of young ecosystems, the nutrient elements capacity in 0-60cm soil was the highest, which accounted for more than 99% of the total capacity in nutrient elements of ecological system. Vegetation layer took the second place, less than 0.30%, and the dead vegetation layer was the least.Content of Fe, Mn was the firstly higher in different organs of the 5 species trees, Cu was the secondly, Zn was the lower, the order of the same microelements concent in the same organs of different species showed different with different microelements, coefficients of variation of microelements in different species were in range of 11.57% to 67.73%, concent of the same microelements of different organ in the same species were also different, coefficients of variation were in range of 35.63% to 89.09%. The results showed that it was more different for the same organs in different species to have different absorptive capacity to the same trace elements, even though different organs in the same species to have different absorptive capacity to the same trace element. Concent of Fe, Mn was higher than that of Cu and Zn in bush and herbal, the order of concent of the same trace elements in different life form species ranked as follow:herbal>bush>arbor. Content of different trace elements of the ground cover in same forest type was in the order as:Fe>Mn>Cu>Zn.The total amount of trace elements were 1490.679,679.277,1088.789,202.772 and 332.781 g·hm-2 in Pinus massoniana pure forests, Cinnamomum camphora pure forests, Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Cinnamomum camphora mixed forests, Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Michelia chapensis mixed forests, Michelia chapensis and Manglietia insignis mixed forests, respectively. The amount of accumulation presents was Mn>Fe>Zn>Cu in Pinus massoniana pure forests and other four different forests were Mn>Fe>Cu>Zn, the proportionment of trace elements accumulation in different organs was positively related to the biomass of these respective organs. In 0-60cm layer soil, Pinus massoniana pure forests showed the highest content of Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cinnamomum camphora pure forests was the second, the last was Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Cinnamomum camphora mixed forests. Compared with the control, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn total accumulation were all decreased. The order of accumulation of trace elements was in Fe> Mn> Zn> Cu. Accumulation were increased with Cu, Zn and decreased with Fe. Mn was incresed except in Pinus massoniana pure forests. In these five modle of young ecosystems, the trace elements capacity in 0-60cm soil was the highest, accounted for more than 99% of the total capacity in trace elements of ecological system, vegetation layer took the second place, was up to 0.002%, and dead vegetation layer was the least.The mean carbon densities of all organs were 0.5296,0.5188,0.5178,0.5376, and 0.5355 gC·g-1 for the tree species Pinus massoniana, Cinnamomum camphora, Elaeocarpus sylvestris, Michelia chapensis, and Manglietia insignis, respectively. The average carbon densities in different organs of the five tree species ranked in the order as:trunk>root>leaf >branch>bark. Carbon densities ranged from 0.4380 to 0.5380gC·g-1,0.5060 to0.5200gC·g-1 and 0.00786 to 0.01485 gC·g-1 in living-understory layer, litterfall layer and soil layer (0～60 cm depth), respectively within the five afforestation patterns. Three years later after the conversion of farmland to forests, soil organic carbon density was increased 53.6%,39.2%, 38.6%, and 24.8% in Michelia chapensis and Manglietia insignis mixed forests, Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Michelia chapensis mixed forests, Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Cinnamomum camphora mixed forests and Cinnamomum camphora forests, but decreased 18.7% in Pinus massoniana forest when compared with pre-converted farmland. Carbon storage in different organs was positively related to the biomass of these respective organs. It was found that Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Cinnamomum camphora mixed forest had the highest carbon stocks in the tree biomass pools (1.22 tC·hm-2), while Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Michelia chapensis mixed forest had the lowest value (0.20 tC·hm-2). Trunk and root stored more carbon than other organs, and the two organs accounted for 57.5% of the total carbon storage in all tree organs. At the early stage of the five forested ecosystems, the soil layer (0～60 cm) had the largest carbon storage, ranging from 74.52 to119.31 tC-hm-2, and accounted for more than 96.2% of the total carbon storage in the ecosystems. Carbon storage in the plant layer ranged from 0.63 to 2.96 tC-hm-2, which accounted for 0.64 to 3.8% of the total carbon storage of the ecosystems. The litter fall layer had the smallest proportion of the carbon storage within the ecosystems. After conversion of farmland to forestland, the carbon storage was increased 19.48,27.72,41.64,26.82 tC·hm-2 in Cinnamomum camphora pure forests, Cinnamomum camphora and Elaeocarpus sylvestris mixed forests, Michelia chapensis and Manglietia insignis mixed forests, Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Michelia chapensis mixed forests, respectively, but decreased 1.68 tC·hm-2 in Pinus massoniana pure forests. Our results indicated that’Grain for Green’ program, especially in the patterns of farmland to mixed forests, had great potential to enhance carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems of southern China.Cinnamomum camphora pure forests was the most effective in the protection of water resources effectiveness, Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Cinnamomum camphora mixed forests was the worst; Michelia chapensis and Manglietia insignis mixed forests was the most effective for the release of O2 in solid C’s effectiveness, Pinus massoniana pure forests was the worst, even showed negative. Michelia chapensis and Manglietia insignis mixed forests was the highest for ecology efficiency, was up to 90794.32 yuan-hm-2·a-1, the second was Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Michelia chapensis mixed forests, up to 71471.14 yuan-hm-2·a-1; the last was Pinus massoniana pure forests, only 9791.88 yuan-hm-2·a-1. It showed that different modle of ’Grain for Green’ had different characteristic and advantages, mix forests were better than singleness forest and the mix forests with hardwood and evergreen was the best.更多还原