【作者】 戴天放；

【导师】 徐晓望；

【作者基本信息】 福建师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 本文紧紧围绕鄱阳湖流域农业开发与生态环境互动关系这一核心,主要采用历史研究为主,结合生态学、农学和经济学等跨学科研究的方法,探索农业开发与鄱阳湖流域生态环境保护的互动规律,总结经验教训并借鉴传统生态农业思想、模式和技术,为鄱阳湖生态经济区高效生态农业发展提供对策。考诸鄱阳湖流域农业开发和生态环境变迁史,可以发现历史上鄱阳湖流域农业开发经历了一个由开发不足、到开发适度再到开发过度和环境治理的阶段。相应的,其生态环境也经历了一个由封闭到平衡,再到开始失衡、逐步恶化,再到逐步改善的变迁过程。其农业生态环境问题,在古代突出地表现为由于垦殖过度所致水土流失所带来的频繁的水旱灾害；到现代,除了上述历史时期存在的自然灾害以外,还有受工业化、农业现代化的影响所带来的环境污染问题。其农业环境变迁史可以概括为：远古至秦汉时期,是生态环境由荒凉向开化发展的阶段；隋唐五代时期,是生态环境平衡发展阶段；宋元时期,是生态环境开始失衡阶段；明清时期,是生态环境逐渐破坏恶化的阶段；近代以来,生态环境呈现进一步恶化的趋势；建国以来生态环境经历了一个恶化——治理——改善的过程。在此,我们可以得出历史的经验教训：农业开发必须适应复杂的自然生态环境条件,只有全面地把握自然生态环境的总体,才能使自然资源和自然条件充分地持续地发挥作用,经济社会才能保持可持续发展。相反,如果不顾自然生态环境的复杂性,掠夺性开发资源,就必然会受到自然界的惩罚。处理好农业开发与环境治理之间的关系,必须大力发展生态农业。我国传统生态农业中“三才论”、“三宜说”、精耕细作、培肥地力、基塘农业、用养结合等农业思想、模式和技术,值得继承和发扬。自宋至清,鄱阳湖流域传统农业发展过程中产生了许多符合生态农业原理的技术和模式。建国以来鄱阳湖流域生态农业发展历程经历了自发型生态农业阶段、资源型生态农业阶段、高产型生态农业阶段、优质型生态农业阶段和持续型生态农业阶段等5个阶段,创造的“猪—沼—果”模式取得了良好的生态、经济和社会效益,成为我国南方唯一重点推广的生态农业模式,标志着鄱阳湖流域生态农业发展在全国处于领先地位。鄱阳湖流域现代生态农业的成效是显著的,但在发展过程中也存在许多问题。发展生态产业是建设鄱阳湖生态经济区的经济基础,建设高效生态农业是鄱阳湖生态经济区的生态产业的优势所在。鄱阳湖生态经济区高效生态农业可区划为3个不同的区域；其高效生态农业模式可设计为4大类、18小类；其高效生态农业技术体系构成包括生态结构合理化技术体系及农业系统功能强化(集约化)技术体系。发展鄱阳湖生态经济区高效生态农业离不开建立与健全政府扶持政策与实施体系,此外,还要突出围绕高效生态农业建设的主要目标与主要障碍因素,对主要组织与制度(政策)安排进行研究、设计与创新。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper closely around the core of interactions between agricultural development and Eco-environment in Poyan-Lake Watershed, mainly taking the research methods that combined with History, Ecology and Agronomy and Economics methods, to explore the interaction laws between agricultural development and protection to eco-environment in Poyan-Lake Watershed, On the basis of summarizing the experiences and lessons and to learn from traditional eco-agriculture ideas, and models and technologies, this paper brings forward the relevant countermeasures and suggestions aiming at high-efficiency eco-agriculture development in the Poyang-Lake Eco-Economic Region.Throug(?) Examining change history of agricultural development and the eco-environment in Poyang Lake Watershed, you can find it has experienced underexploitation, developing appropriate and then to over-exploitation, and to environmental governance phase. Accordingly, the eco-environment has also gone the process of change from a close to balance, then to imbalance and then to the gradual deterioration and then to gradually improve. The change history of the eco-environment can be summarized as follows:in remote antiquity to the Qin and Han Dynasty, is from the wild to the civilized stage; in Sui and Tang to the Five Dynasties, is balanced development stage; in Song and Yuan dynasties, is the beginning of imbalance stage; in Ming and Qing dynasties, is the gradual destruction and deterioration phase; since modem times, the eco-environment showed the trend of further deterioration; Since the founding of the PRC, the eco-environment has experienced the process from deterioration to governance, and to improve. At this point, we can draw the lessons of history:agricultural development must adapt to the complex natural eco-environmental conditions, only a comprehensive grasp of the overall eco-environment, natural resources and natural conditions in order to continue to play its role fully, economy and society will be able to maintain sustainable development. On the contrary, if regardless of the complex nature of the eco-environment, but wishful thinking plunder the resources of nature, the people will surely be punished. Dealing with the relationship between agriculture development and environmental governance, we must vigorously develop eco-agriculture. China’s traditional ecological agriculture essence such as the "three-element" theory, "three should" doctrine, intensive cultivation, soil fertility, base pond agriculture, combined with using and cultivating soil and other agricultural ideas, models and technologies, should be inherit and carry forward. Since the Song Dynasty to the Qing, there were many fine traditions of tecological agricultural techniques and patterns in the Poyang Lake Watershed. Since the founding of the PRC, the course of development of ecological agriculture in Poyang Lake Watershed has experienced 5 stages such as spontaneous stage, resource-based stage, high-yield stage, high-quality stage and sustainable development stage, the "pig-marsh-fruit "model be created and has taken a good ecological, economic and social benefits, and has become the sole focus to promote in the South China, marks ecological agriculture development in Poyang Lake Watershed has been in a leading position in China. The effectiveness of modern ecological agriculture is significant in Poyang Lake Watershed, but there are also many problems in the development process.It is the economic foundation to develop eco-industry in building the Poyang Lake Eco-Economic Zone, to build highly efficient eco-agriculture is the advantages of its’ eco-industry. Poyang-Lake Eco-Economic Region in high-efficiency ecological agriculture could be zoned three different regions; its models can be designed for the four categories,18 Classes; its technology system comprised of the rationalization of ecological structure and function strengthen (intensive) of agricultural systems.it is inseparable from the establishment and implementation of sound policies and government support systems in the development of high-efficiency eco-agriculture in Poyang-Lake Eco-Economic Region. in addition, it is necessary to study, design and innovation for key organizations and systems (policy) arrangements surrounding the main objectives and obstacles of high-efficiency eco-agriculture.更多还原