【作者】 马永喜；

【导师】 陆文聪；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 技术经济及管理， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 近年来,随着我国畜牧业的快速发展,规模化畜禽养殖废弃物污染日益严重。与传统散养方式相比,规模化的养殖方式在利用规模经济提升生产效益的同时,也使得畜禽粪便及污水等废弃物大量集中,如果这些废弃物处理不当将会给周边自然环境和居民健康带来巨大的危害。如何治理规模化养殖业废弃物污染,开展废弃物的资源化利用,实现畜禽养殖与农村生态环境的协调发展,已经成为各级政府和学术界共同关注的重大现实问题。本文首先对国内外规模化畜禽养殖废弃物处理和利用的基础理论、模型运用和技术成果进行了系统的分析和梳理,总结了我国畜禽养殖废弃物处理与利用方式、资源化利用状况、技术采用情况和政策管理等方面存在的问题,并以北郎中村规模化生猪养殖及其废弃物处理情况为例,分析了这些问题存在的内在原因。在此基础上,根据生态经济模型的研究框架,构建了“北郎中村生猪养殖及废弃物处理的生态经济模型”(BLZEEM模型),以此来考察在现实情景下养殖废弃物处理和利用的优化选择问题,为北郎中村的养殖废弃物处理提供相关管理建议。接着本文对BLZEEM模型进行扩展,引入“技术集”构建了“扩展的北郎中村生猪养殖及废弃物处理的生态经济模型”(E-BLZEEM模型),并运用该模型来模拟分析在技术可变、环境标准变化、养殖规模以及市场情境变化情景下的废弃物处理与利用方式及相关技术采用的优化选择。本文研究内容主要涉及以下三个方面：第一,农牧有机结合背景下养殖方式和养殖废弃物处理方式的优化选择。通过BLZEEM模型,研究在当前养殖和生产和技术条件下,如何通过废弃物处理处理与养分管理的有机结合以及养殖方式和废弃物处理方式的优化选择,实现在满足一定环境要求下的农场整体经济利益的最大化。第二,畜禽养殖业废弃物处理和资源化利用的技术优化选择。运用E-BLZEEM模型,在一定的环境标准和市场情景下对养殖规模、废弃物处理方式和技术选择进行优化,以使得整个农场生产系统与变化中的市场情景和环境要求相适应并增加农场的整体收益。第三,环境政策、养殖规模和市场情景变化对资源利用方式、技术采用以及农场收益的影响分析。模拟在环境标准、养殖规模以及市场条件变化情景下,为保证一定的生态环境效益并实现农场经济利益最大化,养殖方式、废弃物处理与利用方式以及技术选择的变化反应。对不同情景下的模拟结果进行比较分析,并结合当前管理状况,得出相应的研究结论和政策启示。本文的创新之处在于将技术、经济和环境变量纳入一个整体的分析框架,开发了一个包含畜禽养殖及其废弃物处理与资源化利用整个系统的技术经济优化模型,来模拟分析不同情景下养殖规模和废弃物处理工艺技术的优化选择及其对经济效益和生态环境效益的影响,产生了一些新的研究成果。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of animal husbandry in recent years, pollution of concentrated animal feedlot operations (CAFOs) waste is gradually expanding. Compared with the traditional free-range style, CAFOs improve production efficiency, as well as make large number of concentration of manure and sewage. If the vast waste is not handled properly, it will bring enormous harm to the local natural environment and the health of residents. It has become a major practical problem of common concern from government and academia that how to dispose the waste and reuse the organic waste as resources to coordinate the development of CAFOs and rural ecological environment.This dissertation begins with a review of existing studies of foundation theories, models and technologies concerning on CAFOs waste treatment and resource utilization. Then, it summarizes current problem in CAFOs waste treatment, resource utilization, technology adoption and policy making in China. Meanwhile, take the case of Beilangzhong village to investigate the problem of CAFOs waste treatment. Subsequently, according to the framework of ecological-economic model, "Beilangzhong ecological-economic model of pig farm and waste treatment"(BLZEEM) is developed under given production condition and waste treatment technology to investigate the optimization of waste treatment and utilization in real static scenario, and then suggestion about waste treatment in Beilangzhong is recommended. In order to simulate the reaction in different scenarios BLZEEM is extended to the new model-"Extended Beilangzhong ecological-economic model of pig farm and waste treatment"(E-BLZEEM) by the introduction of "technologies set" and. E-BLZEEM stimulates optimal selection of waste treatment, resource utilization and technology adoption when technology, environment standard and market changes. Three aspects are included in the study:First, CAFOs and its waste treatment are optimized under the context of the combination of agriculture and pasture. By constructing "Beilangzhong ecological-economic model", the author studies how to combine CAFOs waste treatment and nutrient management and optimal select waste disposal methods to achieve benefit maximization of the whole farm under meeting given environmental standards.Second, Technologies in CAFOs waste treatment and resource utilization are optimized. E-BLZEEM model stimulates the optimization of production decision, management and technology adoption under certain environmental standards and market scenarios to make the whole production system adapt to environmental and market requirements in changes.Third, when environmental policy and market scenarios changes, its impact on resource use, technology adoption and farm income is analyzed. E-BLZEEM model simulates how CAFOs, CAFOs waste treatment, resource utilization and technology adoption adjust to changes of environmental standards, farm scale and market condition to ensure certain bio-environmental benefit and maximize farm’s economic benefit. Suggestions are proposed based on comparison of results in different scenarios.The innovation that this dissertation makes are the follows:it introduce a whole analytical framework including technical, economic and environmental variables, develop a technical-economic model that contains the system including CAFOs, CAFOs waste treatment, resource utilization to simulate the optimization of technology adoption and its impact on economics and ecological environment under different scenarios, and get some theoretical results.更多还原