【作者】 王芙蓉；

【导师】 佟建明；

【作者基本信息】 江南大学 ， 食品科学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 以鹌鹑为试验动物,研究牛磺酸对鹌鹑生产性能、免疫功能、蛋品质、脂肪代谢和繁殖性能的影响。1.牛磺酸对生长期鹌鹑生产性能、脂肪代谢及组织中牛磺酸含量的影响试验选用1日龄日本鹌鹑300只,随机分为3个处理组(对照组,0.01%Tau组和0.05%Tau组),每个处理设4个重复,饲养42 d。于试验期的21 d和42 d统计生产性能,测定试验第42 d的鹌鹑血脂成分,高效液相色谱法检测第42 d鹌鹑血清、肝脏、胸肌及腿肌中牛磺酸的含量。结果表明,0.01%Tau组与对照组比较可显著降低育雏期采食量,0.05%Tau组与对照组比较可以显著促进鹌鹑育雏期的体重和增重,显著降低育雏期、育成期及整个试验期的料肉比和采食量(P<0.05)。牛磺酸对鹌鹑血清TC、TG、LDL-C的含量没有显著影响,但是添加0.05%Tau可显著提高血清HDL-C含量(P<0.05)。牛磺酸可以提高鹌鹑血清、肝脏、胸肌和腿肌中牛磺酸的含量,0.05%Tau组可显著提高腿肌牛磺酸含量(P<0.05)。2.牛磺酸对生长期鹌鹑免疫功能及抗氧化能力的影响在试验一基础上,于试验第42 d每组随机抽取12只体重相近的鹌鹑(每组重复3只),空腹12h后进行心脏采血,分离血清,测定新城疫HI抗体效价和血清IgG。鹌鹑屠宰后摘取肝脏、脾脏、法氏囊和胸腺称重,并计算器官指数。每组各个重复另取1只鹌鹑心脏无菌采血,用MTT法测定外周血淋巴细胞增殖能力。结果表明：0.01%Tau组与对照组比较可显著提高鹌鹑的胸腺指数：0.05%Tau组与对照组比较可显著提高鹌鹑的胸腺指数和法氏囊指数(P<0.05)。添加牛磺酸均可显著提高血清IgG含量(P<0.05)。牛磺酸对PHA诱导的细胞反应有提高作用,其中0.05%Tau组与对照组比较差异显著。日粮中添加0.01%Tau可显著增加B淋巴细胞增殖能力,0.05%Tau组可显著增加T、B淋巴细胞增殖能力(P<0.05)。0.01%Tau组可显著提高鹌鹑血清T-AOC活力,显著降低血清MDA的产生(P<0.05)。3.牛磺酸对产蛋期鹌鹑生产性能及蛋品质的影响考察牛磺酸对产蛋期鹌鹑生产性能、蛋品质、鹌鹑蛋常规营养成分及蛋中胆固醇和牛磺酸含量的影响。结果表明：日粮中添加0.01%Tau能显著降低试验前期的破软蛋率(P<0.05)；0.05%Tau组可显著提高试验前期和试验后期鹌鹑的产蛋率,降低试验前期的破软蛋率和试验后期的平均日采食量(P<0.05),但不影响鹌鹑蛋平均重、平均日采食量、鹌鹑的体重变化和试验后期的破软蛋率。日粮中添加0.05%Tau在试验的第15d、50d、55d可显著提高鹌鹑蛋蛋壳厚度(P<0.05)；0.05%Tau组在试验的第45d和55d与对照组比较其蛋壳强度显著增加(P<0.05)；添加牛磺酸对鹌鹑蛋蛋形指数有一定的提高作用,试验的第20d,0.05%Tau组对蛋形指数有显著提高(P<0.05)；0.05%Tau组在试验的第30d可显著提高蛋黄指数(P<0.05)。日粮中添加牛磺酸可以降低蛋黄中的胆固醇,随添加时间的延长对胆固醇的降低效果越明显。日粮中添加牛磺酸可以提高牛磺酸在蛋黄中的转移,其中0.05%Tau组可显著提高蛋黄牛磺酸含量(P<0.05)。4.牛磺酸对产蛋期鹌鹑脂肪代谢的影响及其机理在试验三基础上,于第28d和56d每组每个重复随机选取2只体重相近的鹌鹑心脏采血后用于测定血脂成分TC、TG、LDL-C和HDL-C的含量及apoA和apoB的含量,测定血清和肝脏的LPL、HL和TL活力及T-AOC、SOD的活力和MDA的含量。结果表明：0.01%Tau组和0.05%Tau组都可显著降低试验前期(第28d)和试验后期(第56 d)产蛋鹌鹑血清TG含量和AI指数,且0.05%Tau组可显著提高鹌鹑血清中的HDL-C含量(P<0.05)。0.05%Tau组与对照组比较可显著提高血清apoA含量(P<0.05)。牛磺酸可以提高试验前期和试验后期鹌鹑血清LPL、HL和TL的活力,并且可提高肝脏中的肝酯酶活力,其中0.05%Tau组可显著提高血清LPL和TL及肝脏LPL的活力(P<0.05)。0.05%Tau组与对照组比较可显著提高血清和肝脏的T-AOC活力(P<0.05)。5.牛磺酸对种鹌鹑繁殖性能及子代鹌鹑的影响选择体重相近的日本鹌鹑144只,雌雄比例为3：1。随机分为3个处理组(对照组,0.01%Tau组和0.05%Tau组),每组4个重复。待鹌鹑产蛋率达到80%以上,收集种蛋,检测种鹌鹌鹑免疫力、种蛋蛋清溶菌酶活力和蛋黄MDA含量,对种蛋进行孵化,检测牛磺酸对种鹌鹑孵化性能的影响。出雏后的子代鹌鹑在相同的条件下饲养,用玉米-豆粕型基础日粮饲养21 d。观察子代鹌鹑的生产性能、免疫功能及抗氧化性能。结果表明,0.05%Tau组可显著提高种鹌鹑免疫功能和种蛋蛋清溶菌酶活力,降低蛋黄MDA含量(P<0.05);0.05%Tau组子代鹌鹑血清IgG含量和血清T-AOC活力有显著提高(P<0.05)。综上所述,牛磺酸可以促进鹌鹑早期的生产性能,提高免疫功能和抗氧化能力,减少脂质过氧化产物丙二醛的产生。牛磺酸对产蛋鹌鹑的生产性能有一定的提高作用,对蛋品质有一定程度的提高,随时间的延长可降低鹌鹑蛋毫克胆固醇/克蛋黄含量,可以提高牛磺酸在鹌鹑肉和蛋中的沉积。牛磺酸可通过提高脂肪代谢相关酶的活力对鹌鹑的脂肪代谢起到改善作用。牛磺酸可以显著提高子代鹌鹑的免疫功能和抗氧化能力,对子代的健康有一定的提高作用。添加牛磺酸生产富含牛磺酸的健康营养无副作用的鹌鹑肉和蛋是可行的。更多还原

【Abstract】 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of taurine on production performance, immune function, egg quality, lipid metabolism and reproductive performance in quails (Coturnix Coturnix).1. Effects of taurine on production performance, lipid metabolism and tissue taurine contents in growing quail.1-day-old both sex Japanese quails (300) were randomly allotted to 12 groups with 25 quails in each group (3 dietary treatments 4 replicates). They were fed with maize-soybean meal-based diets containing 0,0.01% or 0.05% taurine for 42 d. On day 21 and 42, the production performance was compared. On day 42, the serum lipid parameters were determined; the taurine content in serum, liver pectoral muscle and leg muscle of quails were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The results showed that:in the starter phase, dietary 0.05% taurine decreased food take significantly, dietary 0.05% taurine increased weight gain and improved feed efficiency (P<0.05). In the grower phase, dietary 0.05% taurine improved feed efficiency and decreased food intake (P<0.05). In the experiment, adding 0.05% taurine improved feed efficiency and decreased food intake significantly (P<0.05). High density lipoprotein cholesterol content was increased significantly with taurine supplementation at 0.05% in quail serum (P<0.05). Dietary 0.05% taurine significantly increased taurine content in leg muscle of quail compared with the control (P<0.05).2. Effects of taurine on immune responses and antioxidant activity in growing quail.Based on the experiment one, twelve quails which had similar body weight of each group were randomly selected, bloods were drawn from the heart to measure ND hemagglutination inhibition antibodies titers and immunoglobulin G Quails were slaughtered and the immune organs were separated, weighted and calculated the organ index. One quail was selected from each replicate of every treatment on the day 42 and bloods were drawn from the heart and the changes of T-lymphocyte and B-lymphocyte proliferation in peripheral blood were detected by MTT test. The results showed that:the relative weights of thymus were greater in the quails given 0.01% taurine in diet (P<0.05); the relative weights of the bursa of Fabricius and thymus were heavier in dietary 0.05% taurine compared with the control (P<0.05). The response to phytohaemagglutinin which was measured as the foot web index was significantly increased by 0.05% taurine supplementation (P<0.05). Dietary taurine increased serum IgG content significantly compared with the control (P<0.05). Dietary taurine increased the ability of stimulation B-lymphocyte proliferation significantly and dietary 0.05% taurine increased the ability of stimulation T-lymphocyte proliferation significantly (P<0.05). Dietary 0.01% taurine enhanced the activity of total antioxidant capacity in serum, decreased the malondialdehyde level in serum (P<0.05).3. Effects of taurine on production performance and egg quality in laying quailThe effects of taurine on production, egg quality, egg nutrition and egg yolk cholesterol and taurine content of laying quails were investigated. The results showed that:In the earlier stage(28 day), dietary 0.01% taurine decreased broken and soft eggs ratio significantly (P<0.05), dietary 0.05% taurine increased laying rate, decreased feed conversion rate and broken and soft eggs ratio significantly compared with the control (P<0.05). In the later stage (56 day), dietary 0.05% taurine increased laying rate, decreased feed conversion rate and daily feed intake significantly compared with the control (P<0.05). Dietary 0.05% taurine could enhance eggshell thickness significantly on the 15th,50th and 55th day in the experiment period (P<0.05). Dietary 0.05% taurine could enhance eggshell strength significantly on the 45th and 55th day of the experiment period (P<0.05). Dietary 0.05% taurine enhanced the egg shape index significantly only at the 20th day during the experiment. Dietary 0.05% taurine enhanced the egg yolk index significantly on the 30th day during the experiment. Dietary taurine decreased cholesterol content in egg yolk with the experiment time extension. Dietary taurine promoted the taurine transferred to the egg yolk and dietary 0.05% taurine increased taurine content in the egg yolk significantly (P<0.05)4. Effects of taurine on fat metabolism and the mechanism in laying quailBased on experiment three, eight quails which had similar body weights of each group were randomly selected on the day 28 and 56, bloods were drawn from the heart to measure lipid constituents. The contents of cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A, apolipoprotein B and malondialdehyde were analyzed in serum of quails. The enzyme activities of lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, total lipase, total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase were detected in serum and liver. The study showed that:on the day 28 and 56, compared with the control, dietary 0.01% and 0.05% taurine decreased serum triglyceride and atherosclerosis index significantly, dietary 0.05% taurine also enhanced serum high density lipoprotein significantly; dietary 0.05% taurine could enhance apolipoprotein A content significantly (P<0.05). Dietary 0.05% taurine could enhance the activities of lipoprotein lipase and total lipase in serum and hepatic lipase in liver significantly (P<0.05). Dietary 0.05% taurine enhanced the activities of total antioxidant capacity in serum and liver significantly compared with the control (P<0.05).5. Effects of taurine on growth performance and immune response in quail offspringBoth sex Japanese quails (female:male=3:1) were randomly allotted to 12 groups with 12 quails in each group (3 dietary treatments 4 replicates). They were fed with maize-soybean meal-based diets containing 0%,0.01% or 0.05% taurine. When egg laying rate reached 80 percent, the eggs were collected and egg white lysozyme contents were tested by kit, eggs were hatched by incubator and the effects of dietary taurine on hatching performance of quail were tested. After hatching, the quails were reared under the same condition and fed with maize-soybean meal-based diets. The experimental period lasted 21 days. The effects of taurine on production performance, antioxidant activity and immune responses were detected in quail offspring. The results showed that:dietary 0.05% taurine significantly enhanced breeding quail’s immune function, lysozyme content of egg white and reduced the malondialdehyde production in egg yolk significantly(P<0.05). Dietary 0.05% taurine increased serum IgG content and enhanced the activity of total antioxidant capacity significantly in quail offspring (P<0.05).From above results, it was concluded that taurine could enhance the production performance in growing quail, it enhanced the immune function, antioxidant capacity, reduced the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde production. Dietary taurine could enhance the egg production performance and egg quality in laying quails, taurine could reduce the quail egg mg cholesterol per g yolk content with time extension, taurine increased the sediment of taurine in meat and egg of taurine. Taurine could improve the fat metabolism of laying quails through increasing the fat metabolism enzymes activities. Taurine could enhance the immune function and antioxidant capacity in quail offspring. Supplementation with taurine has some benefits on quail offspring’health. Therefore, adding taurine to produce healthy, nutritional and harmless quail meat and eggs that rich in taurine is feasible.更多还原