【作者】 李波；

【导师】 韩润生； 顾晓春；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 矿产普查与勘探， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 论文以滇东北铅锌矿集区会泽和松梁两个铅锌矿床为研究对象,在系统总结区域地质和矿床地质特征的基础上,重点研究了会泽铅锌矿床闪锌矿中的流体包裹体,并结合矿床地球化学,探讨了成矿流体、成矿物质来源和矿床成因。在对松梁铅锌矿床各种构造形迹仔细观察的基础上,对其断裂结构面进行力学性质分析,并详细研究了断裂构造岩的地球化学特征；进而绘制构造地球化学异常地质图,进行隐伏矿定位预测。其中,利用红外显微测温技术对闪锌矿的流体包裹体研究和松梁铅锌矿床地质、地球化学研究及其隐伏矿预测是论文的重点研究内容。论文主要取得了以下成果和认识：1.会泽铅锌矿床闪锌矿中原生流体包裹体有五种类型：纯气相、富液相气液两相、富气相气液两相、纯液相和含子矿物多相,以气相包裹体为主。闪锌矿流体包裹体均一温度在100.2-344.5℃之间,存在两个峰值：150℃-200℃和250℃-350℃;捕获温度平均为231.7℃。盐度在1.05～18.04wt%NaCleq之间,平均为11.56wt%NaCleq,流体密度在0.8884-1.0507 g·cm-3之间,平均0.9735 g·cm-3。方解石中流体包裹体主要为中-低温低盐度包裹体,所反映的成矿流体信息局限,闪锌矿中流体包裹体则反映成矿流体的信息更为全面。会泽铅锌矿床包裹体均一瞬间压力为70-710×105Pa,平均362.7×105Pa,成矿深度为264-2681m,平均1370m。流体液相阳离子成分富Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+,贫K+、Li+；阴离子富Cl-贫F-,成矿流体为富CO2、贫CH4的Ca2+-Mg2+-Na+-Cl--HCO3--SO42型。2.会泽铅锌矿床成矿期经历了三个成矿阶段：第Ⅰ阶段成矿温度200-350℃及以上,盐度15wt%NaCleq及以上；第Ⅱ阶段成矿温度150-250℃,盐度1～18wt%NaCleq,以5-13wt%NaCleq居多；第Ⅲ阶段成矿温度100-220℃,盐度一般在10wt%NaCleq以下,平均在5wt%NaCleq。3.会泽铅锌矿床赋矿白云岩形成于较强氧化性的沉积-成岩环境,稀土元素总量较低,变化范围相对较小；δEu显示负异常,δCe显示微弱负异常-无异常。松梁铅锌矿床的容矿碳酸盐岩则显示弱氧化-还原的成岩环境和标准白云岩的特征,稀土元素总量与碳酸盐岩相近,但变化范围较大,δEu均为正异常,δCe大多呈弱负异常-负异常。4.会泽铅锌矿床成矿物质为多来源,地层碳酸盐岩、变质基底和岩浆均提供了成矿物质；成矿流体为岩浆水、地层建造水和变质水的混合流体。会泽铅锌矿床的形成经历了多期成矿作用,其成矿模式总结为“沉积成岩-玄武岩浆期后气液叠加-构造改造富集”。5.松梁铅锌矿床①号矿体构造原生晕综合轴向分带序列为：Li-P-Cu-Ba-Cd-Ga-Zn-V-Ag-Mn-Ge-In2→U-Sn-Th-Be-∑REE-Pb-Bi→Cs-In-Ta-Tl-Ti-Co-Nb-Mo- W-Li2-V2→Zr-Ni-Sr- Rb-Hf-Cr-Cs2-∑REE2。构造原生晕轴向分带序列和地球化学参数在轴向上的变化规律均说明其构造原生晕结构比较复杂,反映①号矿体成矿作用经历了多阶段,同时预测①号矿体深部延深较好,并有隐伏矿体存在的可能性。在此基础上,建立了矿床构造原生晕理想模型图。6.断裂构造岩微量元素主要表现为三个主因子元素组合：地层岩石元素组合因子、铅锌矿化元素组合因子和中高温矿化元素组合因子。构造地球化学异常场的分布规律,可以反映成矿流体的运移方向,为成矿预测提供依据。并分别总结了松梁铅锌矿床的地质、地球化学和物探等找矿标志,圈定了找矿靶区,部分找矿靶区已得到工程验证。更多还原

【Abstract】 Huize and Songliang lead-zinc deposits, which located in the northeast of Yunnan province, were taken as study object in this doctoral dissertation. Based on the system summary of regional geology and geological features, infrared microthermometric technique was used to study fluid inclusions in sphalerite of Huize lead-zinc deposit, then the source and character of ore-forming fluid and ore-forming material was discussed, as well as the genesis of deposit. Fracture mechanics of fracture structure plane and geochemical feature of fault tectonite was studied based on the field observation, microscopic identification, analysis and test. On the basis of R-type factor analsis of testing data, geological anomalous map and anomaly model of tectonic geochemical was established, which is of help to the location forecasting of concealed orebody. The main conclusions that we got are as follows:1. Five types of fluid inclusions can be observed in sphalerite, pure gaseous inclusions, pure liquid inclusions, gas-liquid inclusions with rich liquid, gas-liquid inclusions with rich gas and three-phase inclusions containing a daughter. The homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions in sphalerite range from 100.2℃to 344.5℃, for the average homogenization temperature 179.5℃, which have two change temperature sectors obviously,150℃～200℃and 250℃～350℃, and the average capture temperature for 231.7℃. Salinity of fluid inclusions in sphalerite is similar to homogenization temperature, which range form 1.06wt%NaCleq to 18.04wt%NaCleq, for the average salinity 179.5℃, and have two change sectors, 1～13wt%NaCleq and 13～20 wt%NaCleq. The densities of ore-forming fluid in fluid inclusions range from 0.8884 g·cm-3 to 1.0507 g·cm-3, average fluid densities for 0.9735 g·cm-3. For calcite, fluid inclusions dominated by liquid and pure liquid types, homogenization temperature range from 164℃to 221℃and salinity range from 6.6wt%NaCleq to 12wt%NaCleq. Compare with gangue mineral, fluid inclusions in sphalerite contains more information of ore-forming fluid, and the infrared micro-thermometric technique has provided an ideal method to study the ore-forming fluid of Pb-Zn deposits in the northeast of Yunnan province.The metallogenic pressure estimated by fluid inclusions of Huize lead-zinc deposit is about 362.7×105Pa in average, equivaluent to a depth of 1370m. The liquid components of fluid inclusions are mainly Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, Cl-; with minor amounts of F-, K+, Li+. The gas components of fluid inclusions are mainly H2O and CO2, the CO and CH4 areless abundant. The ore-forming fluid is weak acid to neutral with pH value of 5.6-7.1, and rich in CO2 of Ca2+-Mg2+-Na+-Cl--HCO3--SO42- system.2.Three mineralization stage of Huize lead-zinc deposit can be divided, in the first mineralization stage, the homogenous temperature of fluid inclusions ranged from 200℃to 350℃, with salinity of 15wt%NaCleq or above; in the second mineralization stage, the homogenous temperature of fluid inclusions ranged from 150℃to 250℃, with salinity from lwt%NaCleq to 185wt%NaCleq; in the last mineralization, the homogenous temperature of fluid inclusions ranged from 100℃to 220℃, with salinity of less than 10wt%NaCleq.3. In Huize lead-zinc deposit, the ore-bearing dolomite formed in the relatively strong oxidizing sedimentation-diagenesis environment. Its rare earth element content is low, with a narrower range of total REE contents, negative Eu anomaly and no remarkable Ce anomaly. Whereas in Songliang lead-zinc deposit, the ore-bearing dolomite formed in the weak oxidizing and reducing environment, with characteristics of low content of rare earth elements, a wider range of REE contents, positive Eu anomaly and weak negative to negative Ce anomaly.4. The formation of Huize lead-zinc deposit experienced three stages of sedimentation-diagenesis, post-magmatic hydrothermal superimposition and structural reactivated mineralization, with a variety of sources of ore-forming materials, carbonate strata, metamorphic basement and magma provides ore-forming materials. Ore-forming fluid is mixed fluid of magmatic water, hot brine and metamorphic water.5. The axial zonal elemental sequence of No.①orebody in the Songliang lead-zinc deposit: Li-P-Cu-Ba-Cd-Ga-Zn-V-Ag-Mn-Ge-In2→U-Sn-Th-Be-∑REE-Pb-Bi->Cs-In-Ta-Tl-Ti-Co-Nb-Mo-W-Li2-V2→Zr-Ni-Sr-Rb-Hf-Cr-Cs2-∑REE2. axial zonal elemental sequence of tectonic primary halo in the Songliang lead-zinc deposit is concluded, which indicates that the structure of primary halo is complex, the No.①orebody may be superposed by many intermittent orebody, and the ore-forming process may experience more than one Stage of mineralization. The analyses also forecast that the No.①orebody may has a good extend and there may exist concealed orebody in the deep of No.1 orebody. On this basis, the ideal model for tectonic primary halos of Songliang lead-zinc deposit was built.6. Trace elements of tectonites shows three principal factors element association by factor analysis, on behalf of the strata rock elements, medium-high temperature ore-forming fluid and medium-low temperature ore-forming fluid respectively. The distribution of tectonic geochemical anomaly can reflect the migration direction of ore-forming fluid, and to provide evidence for metallogenic prediction. In this thesis, geological, geochemical and geophysical prospecting marks of Songliang lead-zinc deposits are summarized respectively; many targets are given on the basis of those prospecting marks, partial prospecting targets has been engineering verification.更多还原