兰坪低品位氧化铅锌矿矿冶新工艺研究

【作者】 蒋明华；

【导师】 王华；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 冶金物理化学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 本论文在查阅大量文献与资料的基础上,论述了锌金属生产的发展趋势,提出了进一步重点研究低品位氧化矿的重要意义。随着世界经济的快速发展,特别是中国经济的高速运转,对锌金属的需求量逐年增长。2005年全球精炼金属锌的产量为1022.6万吨,2005年中国锌产量达到271万多吨,占世界总产量的26.3%,居世界第一位。2006年世界锌金属的需求以4.30%继续增长。由于锌精矿资源的不断枯竭和对锌金属需求的不断增加、产能的不断扩大,造成供求矛盾的加剧。因此,世界各国对低品位氧化矿提取技术的研究越来越重视,因此,研究低品位氧化锌矿具有现实和长远意义。本论文详细介绍了目前国内外处理氧化锌矿的一些工艺方法,它们分别是硫化-胺法、硫化-黄药法、脂肪酸类捕收剂及氧化锌矿的其它浮选方法。本论文针对云南兰坪金顶矿区低品位氧化矿的矿石储藏量大、品位低、矿石性质复杂、难以选别的特点,在前人大量研究的基础上,查阅大量文献与资料,进行了较为详细的各种矿石形态和各种条件下的试验研究。在所进行的重介质选矿分离试验研究、灰岩型矿石浮选试验研究、砂岩型矿石浮选试验研究、灰岩与砂岩型混合矿石直接浮选试验研究、灰岩与砂岩型混合矿石压力热溶硫化试验研究中,最有效、最具有研究价值和发展前途的就是灰岩与砂岩型混合矿石压力热溶硫化试验研究。灰岩与砂岩型混合矿石压力热溶硫化试验研究具有创新和工艺的新颖性,结合了冶炼和选矿工艺,适应处理云南兰坪金顶矿区各类低品位氧化矿的矿石,无需特别的磨矿、脱泥工序,在180℃左右温度和3.OMP压力和硫化时间为180分钟的条件下,可以达到硫化率90%以上和硫化锌回收率80%以上的好指标。而且。该方法还具有生产工艺简单、容易操作、控制,预处理过程无任何有害气体和物质产生,是比较符合节能、环保清洁生产、循环经济的要求。重介质选矿仅适用于灰岩型氧化矿,采用摇床重选可以有效脱去钙,对硫化锌精矿的品位除某些粒级可以达到22%品位以外,其余均达不到冶·炼所需要的精矿品位,说明兰坪金顶矿采用重选摇床选别对处理矿石的适应性差,不能满足生产的需要。还需要进一步探索新的矿冶方法。灰岩型矿石浮选试验结果表明,由于氧化矿硫化困难,需要采用加温和添加大量的硫化剂-硫化钠和辅助捕收剂-氧锌灵,大大增加了生产成本,而且工艺流程长,复杂,需采取先浮选硫化锌后氧化锌和脱泥的工艺,实际生产中难以操作控制。砂岩型矿石浮选试验结果与灰岩型矿石浮选试验结果类似,也需要采用加温和添加大量的硫化剂-硫化钠和辅助捕收剂-氧锌灵,大大增加了生产成本,而且工艺流程长,复杂,需采取先浮选硫化锌后氧化锌和脱泥的工艺,实际生产中难以操作控制。因此也需要探索新的工艺方法。灰岩与砂岩型混合矿石直接浮选试验结果表明,欲获得较好的指标,必须选用较多品种药剂,而且使用量较大,因此可能为以后工业生产增加了生产成本,对企业经济效益不利。由于灰岩型与砂岩型混合矿石性质复杂,虽然能对硫化铅、硫化锌、氧化锌等进行有效回收,但所使用药剂的品种较多、采用的工艺流程长,特别是氧化矿脱泥量大,实际生产操作中难以控制,因此,此方法对如何处理混合矿石仍然有局限性,还需进一步探索对混合矿石较为适应的工艺技术。本论文还对各种形态的矿石粒级进行了研究,研究结果表明,对选矿指标来说,矿石粒级对浮选指标有一定的影响,但对含泥量较大的矿石来说,粒级越小,锌在矿泥的损失越大,对浮选指标不利。探索出对云南兰坪金顶矿区大量堆存的低品位氧化矿进行处理的工艺方法,不仅有助于企业经济效益的发展,而且对世界上处理低品位的氧化矿也是重大贡献,对资源的综合利用具有划时代的意义。因此,有必要继续加大对处理低品位氧化矿的研究力度和资金的投入。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, based on lots of literatures, discuss the future development trends for the zinc production and expounded the importance of the further study of low-grade oxide ores. With the rapid development of the world economy, especially the high-speed operation of the China’s economy, the demand for zinc metal increased every year. In 2005, the global outputs of refined zinc were 10.226 million tons. Meanwhile, china’s outputs were more than 2.71 million tons, which were4.30% of the global capacity and the biggest one in the world. In 2006, the demand for zinc metal was continue to be increased in the rate of 4.26% all over the world. As the depletion of zinc concentrate resources and the increase in demand for zinc metal and the expansion of production capacity, the contradiction between supply and demand was aggravated. Therefore, the studies about extraction metals from low-grade oxide ores had been given more and more attention by researchers all over the world.The treatment technologies of low-grade zinc oxide ores were studied in detail in this paper. These technologies were sulphidization-ammonium method、sulphidization-xanthate flotation method、fatty acid flotation collectors and other flotation method of zinc oxide respectively.On the basis of the characters of the zinc oxide ores from Yunnan Lanping Jinding mine, which were rich in reserves but low in grade、complicated in properties and difficult in recycling, the effects of various minerals at different conditions are experimentally studied based on lots of published literatures and other previous works. On the experimental studies of the heavy-media separation、the limestone-type ores flotation、the sandstone-type ores flotation、the limestone-type and sandstone-type mixed ores direct flotation、the limestone-type and sandstone-type mixed ores pressure-treatment thermal-dissolved-sulfur, the most effective and promising study was the limestone-type and sandstone-type mixed ores pressure-thermally dissolved-sulfation process.The experimental studies of the limestone-type and sandstone-type mixed ores pressure-treatment thermal-dissolved-sulfur process which combined with smelting and beneficiation processes. Was innovative and novel. It was suitable to deal with low-grade ores from Yunnan Lanping Jinding mine. Meanwhile, it didn’t need the procedure of milling and desliming. The optimum technological conditions were as follows:a temperature of about 180℃、a pressure of 3.0Mpa and a curing time of about three hours. Under these conditions, the curing efficiency was above 90% and the recovery ratio of zinc sulphide was over 80%. Furthermore, this method had advantages of a simple procedure and operation、without any harmful gas and solid waste in pretreatment procedure, which met the requirement of energy-saving、environment-friendly and recycling economy.The heavy-media separation process was only fit for limestone-type oxides. Though the calcium can be effectively removed, the zinc sulfuration concentrate except a small quantity of particles can’t reach the grade of 22% by table gravity separation. It was shown that this process was not very good for treating the ores from Lanping Jinding mine and it can’t satisfy the demands of production. Thereby, a further research of mining and metallurgy was needed to be done.It was difficult to vulcanize the oxides on the limestone-type ores flotation. The result indicated that it was necessary to rise in temperature and to add a great deal of curing agents such as sodium sulphide and auxiliary collectors such as zinc white, which had a long and complicated process and increased the production cost. The flotation of zinc sulphide was the first step then was the flotation of zinc oxide, and the procedure of desliming was needed, which was difficult to control in the real production.The result of the sandstone-type ores flotation was similar to that of limestone-type ores. It was necessary to rise in temperature and to add a great deal of curing agents such as sodium sulphide and auxiliary collectors such as zinc white, which had a long and complicated process and increased the production cost. The flotation of zinc sulphide was the first step then was the flotation of zinc oxide, and the procedure of desliming was needed, which was difficult to control in the real production. Therefore, a further research of mining and metallurgy was also need to be done.The result of limestone-type and sandstone-type mixed ores direct flotation indicated that various and vast chemicals was needed to achieve the advantageous aim, which would increase the production cost in the future. Although the lead sulphide、zinc sulphide and zinc oxide etc can be effectively recovered, it needed excessive chemicals and a long process, especially the desliming of oxide ores would produce large numbers of residue. It was also difficult to control in the real production. Hence, this process still had shortage to treat with the mixed ores. Adaptive technologies to fit the mixed ores were needed to be further investigated.Ores with different diameters were also researched in this paper. It was shown that the diameters of ores affected the flotation result. The percentage loss of zinc in the ores with much mud increased with the decrease of the ores diameters, which was not favorable for flotation.It was not only beneficial for the development of the corporation, but also an important contribution for the world to treat with the low-grade oxides. Meanwhile, it was of great significance for the comprehensive use of resources. It was necessary to continue to research the low-grade oxides and increase input funds.更多还原