【作者】 侯东阳；

【导师】 林如鹏；

【作者基本信息】 暨南大学 ， 新闻学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 本文对新中国的舆情调控机制进行了历史性的研究,在大量收集历史文献和走访调查的基础上,从舆情调控的指导方针、体制、特点以及经验等方面对不同历史阶段的舆情调控进行了系统的分析。正文分为四个部分,前三部分主要总结建国以来党和政府在舆情调控机制建设和实践中的逐渐改进和优化过程,改革开放以前的共产党政权已经在全国范围内建立了基本的舆情传播制度体系,也提出了比较正确对待舆论的指导方针,但是反右扩大化以后,这些体制和方针路线都没有正常地发挥作用,特别是文化大革命中党委领导也陷入瘫痪,整个国家处于混乱状态。改革开放首先从思想解放开始,舆情调控的机制和手段逐渐恢复正常,虽然也存在不少问题,但是随着民主政治的发展,提倡以人为本治国的思想,舆情调控机制不断改进、优化,有了专门的舆情管理机构和法规、明确的指导思想,调控手段更加讲究技巧,舆情调控也从直接到间接、从微观到宏观转变,不再进行思想批判运动,重视民意及反馈。论文最后一部分根据舆情调控的经验总结,借鉴世界其他国家舆情调控的经验,提出了舆情调控体系应包括舆情监测与收集机制、舆情分析机制、舆情引导机制、舆情调控反馈和评估机制。通过研究发现,党和政府对舆情调控越来越重视,舆情调控逐渐规范化、人性化,体制和法规不断完善,调控手段越来越进步,但是仍然有很多问题有待解决。笔者认为应该建立统一运作的舆情调控体系,学习其他国家舆情调控的特长,既要使人民心情舒畅,社会和谐稳定；又要遵循舆论本身发展规律,科学地、艺术地进行引导。更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis is a study on historical development of the public opinion regulatory mechanism in China since 1949. It presents a synthetic analysis of the pubic opinion regulatory mechanism over different periods of time, in terms of government guidelines, institutional systems, unique features, and experiences and lessons drawn from the operation of the mechanism in question.The thesis has four parts. The first three is mainly a review of the public opinion regulatory mechanism the Chinese Communist Party and the Chinese government have put in place for guiding, diverting and controlling public opinion, its evolution, and its optimization over the last six decades. Prior to the Reform and Opening up, the Communist Party government had already set up an elementary mechanism nationwide for public opinion communication, putting in place a series of guidelines for conveying, diverting and controlling public opinion, which proved to be proper and effective. These guidelines and mechanisms, however, failed to perform normally as the Anti-Rightist Campaign went beyond the expected scale. The situation aggravated during the Cultural Revolution when the Party Committees at different levels failed to exercise authority and the whole country went into chaos. The Reform and the Opening Up started from emancipation in minds and thoughts, and therefore the mechanism and means for guiding the public opinion were gradually put back into place. Despite problems of different kinds, the regulatory mechanism for public opinion keeps evolving and optimizing as political democracy in China progresses and the idea of "human-oriented" in the rule of the country starts to take root. Administrative institutions have been set up, protocols have been issued, and guidelines have been specified for regulating public opinion. Meanwhile, means of regulation has become more diversified, and the skills and techniques for public opinion regulation have been strengthened. There has been a shift in the regulatory mechanism itself, from a more implicit approach to an explicit one, and from a micro perspective to a macro perspective. As a result, no large-scale campaigns nationwide have been launched any more for criticism over ideologies, whereas more attention has been paid to public opinions and responses. The final part of the thesis draws experiences from the existing public opinions regulatory mechanisms in China and those in other countries, and it observes that an effective public opinion regulatory system should include the establishment of systems in monitoring and gathering of public opinions, in analyzing, diverting, and guiding public opinions, and responding and assessing public opinions.The research finds that the Party and the Government have been attaching increasingly importance to public opinion regulation, which has now become more and more standardized, and more human-oriented as well. Laws and regulations for public opinion regulation have continued to improve and regulatory means and approaches have taken a new outlook, though problems remain. The author of the thesis argues that a systematic mechanism should be established for overall operation, and China should learn from other countries which have their own strengths in regulating public opinion. Such a mechanism should aim to enable people to live a pleasant life in a stable society. Meanwhile, it should observe and follow the law of the development of public opinion itself, and guide public opinion in a more scientific and artistic approach.更多还原