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战略领导特征及其对企业战略选择和绩效影响机制研究

The Research on Strategic Leadership Characteristics and Its Effect on Corporate Strategy Choice and Performance

【作者】 刘向东

【导师】 任学锋; 王迎军; 张金成;

【作者基本信息】 南开大学 , 企业管理, 2010, 博士

【摘要】 战略领导对组织绩效影响的研究一直是国内外学者研究的热点。战略选择理论认为,战略领导是组织绩效的关键因素,而组织演化论学者则强调环境因素对组织绩效的影响远大于战略领导者本身。在复杂多变和竞争日益激烈的环境下,普遍的共识是战略领导在企业成长与发展过程中起到至关重要的作用。尽管战略领导的作用已得到认可,但有关战略领导作用的机制尚未明确,战略领导如何影响组织绩效的问题仍有待于进一步研究。这些问题包括战略领导特征的关键构面如何?战略领导何时对组织绩效发生影响?战略领导影响绩效的途径如何?权变因素对战略领导作用如何产生影响?等等。本研究的核心问题是战略领导特征通过何种途径影响企业战略绩效。研究借鉴国内外有关战略领导理论的最新研究成果,系统分析企业战略领导的内涵和研究流派,在对战略领导本质和作用机制理论进行回顾和分析的基础上,提出以战略领导特征为自变量,包括战略领导者个性特征(控制倾向、成就需求、风险倾向和自恋倾向)和战略领导行为特征,以企业战略绩效为因变量,以战略选择为中介变量,以管理裁量权、环境不确定性为调节变量的战略领导作用机制理论模型,研究根据相关理论推导出理论假设,并通过实证研究验证各个研究要素之间的相互作用关系。论文采用便利性统计抽样方法,以天津地区为核心,辐射全国12个省市不同行业的企业,对企业董事长/总经理等最高级战略领导者进行了问卷调查。共发放问卷358份,实际回收194份,其中有效问卷为152份。研究采用的统计分析方法包括描述性统计分析、因子分析、相关分析、层级回归分析、调节回归分析和中介回归分析。通过统计分析,验证了战略领导者个性特征和战略领导行为特征影响企业战略绩效的作用机制。研究结果发现:(1)不同战略领导者个性特征对企业战略绩效的影响不同。战略领导者内控倾向、成就需求、风险倾向和自恋倾向有助于提高企业战略绩效,而外控倾向对企业战略绩效影响不明显;(2)战略领导者个性特征对企业战略选择具有影响作用,不同个性特征的战略领导者在战略选择时具有不同的偏好。内控倾向、高风险倾向和高自恋倾向的战略领导者偏好预见型战略,外控倾向、低风险倾向和低自恋倾向的战略领导者则偏好防御型战略,分析型战略介于预见型和防御型之间,内控倾向、高成就需求、高风险倾向和高自恋倾向的战略领导者均偏好这种战略类型,而成就需求倾向对预见型和防御型战略无特殊选择倾向;(3)战略选择与企业战略绩效之间存在特定相关关系,在未考虑权变因素情况下,预见型和分析型战略均有助于战略绩效的提升,而防御型战略则与企业战略绩效呈负相关关系;(4)战略领导行为特征既对企业战略绩效提升具有显著的直接影响,同时也增强了战略选择与战略绩效的关系;(5)战略选择在战略领导个性特征与战略绩效关系之间起到中介作用,是战略领导者实现企业战略绩效的有效途径;(6)环境特征与战略领导个性特征和战略选择的有效匹配将更有利于战略绩效的提升;(7)管理裁量权因自身影响因素较为复杂,其对战略领导作用机制的调节作用有待进一步深化研究。研究创新点:(1)提出并验证了以战略领导者个性特征和战略领导行为特征为自变量,以企业战略绩效为因变量,以战略选择为中介变量,以管理裁量权、环境不确定性和战略行为特征为调节变量的战略领导作用机制理论模型,丰富了战略选择理论和战略领导理论研究。(2)以战略领导者个性特征为观测变量替代人口统计特征变量和背景变量,提出并验证了个性特征对战略选择和绩效的影响作用,为高阶层理论研究提出了新的思考方式和启示,有利于提高高阶层理论研究结果的稳定性和研究效度,为深入理解战略领导作用机制提供新的研究视角,同时也为企业实践中选择适当的战略领导者提供了新的理论依据。(3)将战略领导行为特征纳入战略选择与战略绩效关系的分析框架,并验证其调节作用,弥补了现有研究由于忽略情景变量而不能有效解释战略选择与战略绩效关系的不足,为研究提供了新的启示,从而更全面、深入地揭示了战略领导特征影响战略绩效的作用机制和规律,实践中也有利于战略领导者通过强化战略领导行为来纠正因自身个性特征不足而对企业战略绩效产生的负面影响。(4)将管理裁量权纳入战略领导机制的调节作用中,解释了战略领导者具有不同管理裁量权对战略领导个性特征与战略选择和绩效关系的影响。虽然实证结果未对理论假设给予完全支持,但因发现了管理裁量权的多维性、复杂性和测量的难度性与差异性,为下一步研究提供了新的启示。

【Abstract】 The effect of strategic leadership on organizational performance has been a hot topic of research for decades, but the results have been inconclusive. Researchers of strategic choice theory argue that strategic leaders are critical to organizational effectiveness, while others of Organization Evolution theory emphasize environmental factors on organizational performance. But the general consensus has been reached in recent years:strategic leadership is essential in business growth and development in the complex and increasingly competitive environment.Although the role of strategic leadership has been recognized, many problems of how strategic leadership affect the organizational performance have not yet fully developed, such as the key features of the strategic leadership,the time when strategic leadership affect, the way how they affect and the contingency factors influence on the mechanism of strategic leadership, and so on.The purpose of this dissertation is to explore the relationship between characteristics of strategic leadership and organizational effectiveness, including personality and behavior characteristics, and to investigate the moderating effects of situational uncertainty and the mediating role of managerial discretion.Research on strategic leadership theory from home and abroad the latest research results, meaning the leadership of corporate strategy systems analysis and research schools, in the nature and role of strategic leadership to fully review and analysis of the mechanism proposed based on the characteristics of a strategic leadership as independent variables, including strategic leadership personality traits (controlled orientation, need for achievement, risk propensity and narcissistic tendencies) and strategic leadership characteristics; to business strategic performance as the dependent variable; to strategic choice for the intermediate variables; to Management Discretion, Environmental Uncertainty strategic leadership for the regulation mechanism of variable theoretical model, based on the theory to the theoretical assumptions in order to verify through empirical research all of the interactions between elements.Using the statistical sampling methods, the investigation covers enterprise of different industries in 12 provinces and cities. The most senior strategic leaders of enterprise, the Chairman/General Manager, conducted the survey. A total of 358 questionnaires were issued, the actual recovery of 194 copies of which 152 of valid questionnaires. Statistical methods included descriptive statistics, factor analysis, correlation analysis, hierarchical regression analysis, adjusted regression analysis and intermediate regression analysis.The conclusion showed:(1) Different personality characteristics of strategic leaders lead to different strategic performance. Strategic leaders with internal locus of control, high need for achievement, high risk propensity and narcissistic tendencies help improve the strategic performance, the external locus of control had no obvious effect on corporate strategic performance. (2) Strategic leaders with different personality have different preferences of corporate strategy choice. Internal locus of control, high-risk orientation and high narcissistic tendency prefer to choose the Prospector strategy; Strategic leaders with external locus of control, low-risk and low-narcissistic tendencies tend to choose Defender strategy; As Analyzer strategy have both the features of Defender and Prospector, this type of strategy was carried out by internal locus of control, high need for achievement, high-risk orientation and high narcissistic tendencies. (3) Strategic choice has strong relationship with strategic performance. In case of ignoring the effect of contingency factors, the Prospector and the Analyzer strategies are helpful for performance improvement, while the Defender strategy is negatively correlated with corporate strategic performance. (4) The strategic leadership characteristics not only enhance or have direct impact on the corporate strategic performance significantly, but also moderate the relationship between strategic choice and strategic performance. (5) Strategic choice is mediator between personality of strategic leaders and strategic performance. (6) Environmental characteristics fits with strategic leadership and strategic choice will improve the strategic performance. (7) Managerial Discretion is comprehensive and complex factor which affect the role of strategic leadership, the role of managerial discretion should be further studied.Innovations are:(1) This paper proposed and validated the theoretical model of strategic leadership, by which the strategic leadership characteristics as independent variables, the strategic performance as the dependent variable, the strategic choice as the mediator, the managerial discretion, environmental uncertainty and strategic leadership behavior characteristics as mediator variables. This theoretical model enrich the strategic choice theory and strategic leadership theory.(2) This paper takes personality characteristics of strategic leader as observed variables substituting the demographic characteristics and background variables, which is the most useful variables of Upper Echelons Theory. This variables change will propose and validate on the strategic choice theory and Upper Echelons Theory for new way of thinking and high-level theoretical results and stability of validity. The study also provide theoretical support to selection of the appropriate strategic leaders in business practice.(3) This paper takes strategic leadership behavior as mediator variables between strategic choice and strategic performance analysis framework and verifies its role. This explain the why strategic choice sometime can not lead to good performance and provide a new perspective to understand the comprehensive strategic leadership mechanisms in theory and practice.(4) This paper takes Managerial Discretion as mediator variables between personality characteristics of strategic leaders and strategic performance analysis framework, to explain how many "latitude of action" the strategic leaders have and it’s affect on strategic leader’s role in strategic management. Although the empirical results did not support the theoretical hypothesis, but the result found the Managerial Discretion’s multidimensional nature of complexity and difficulty of measurement. The study results suggest the further study for Managerial Discretion.

  • 【网络出版投稿人】 南开大学
  • 【网络出版年期】2011年 08期
  • 【分类号】F272;F224
  • 【被引频次】11
  • 【下载频次】1511
  • 攻读期成果
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