【作者】 张荣华；

【导师】 安沙舟；

【作者基本信息】 新疆农业大学 ， 草业科学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 在实施天然草地建设和保护中,割草场的重要性显得更加突出,合理的利用是实现草地可持续发展的关键。研究以昭苏马场禾草+杂类草草甸草地为对象,选择割草场代表性的优势种——鸭茅,采用利用方式野外控制试验和盆栽刈割试验相结合,从鸭茅生长节律、生长特性、生物量、贮藏性营养物质以及植株体营养成分等方面进行研究,重点探讨鸭茅在割草、割草+秋季放牧、自然条件下的生长,了解其不同利用方式下生理生态响应的机理,为割草场的合理利用及可持续发展提供科学的依据。主要研究结果如下:(1)鸭茅生物量随季节的变化呈现倒“N”的规律。鸭茅叶片可溶性糖和还原糖含量高于根部。季节变化对鸭茅叶片和根部可溶性糖和还原糖含量的影响极显著(P<0.01)。(2)割草+秋季放牧利用方式下,鸭茅根部可溶性糖含量在不同利用强度下并未呈现一定规律,各个时期对照的根部可溶性糖含量高于轻度利用、中度利用和重度利用。秋季放牧利用时鸭茅叶片随利用强度的增大,还原糖含量逐渐减小。鸭茅叶片和根部贮藏性营养物质中还原糖含量比可溶性糖含量少。(3)不同利用方式对相同密度鸭茅分蘖数的影响不显著(p>0.05),对鸭茅叶宽的影响显著(p<0.05),对叶片数目和叶片长度的影响极显著(p<0.01)。鸭茅地上部和地下部生物量各处理间差异显著(p<0.05)。不同利用方式对相同密度鸭茅可溶性糖和淀粉含量的影响极显著(p<0.01),对叶片还原糖含量的影响极显著(p<0.01)。不同利用方式对相同密度鸭茅粗蛋白含量和中性洗涤纤维含量的影响极显著(p<0.01)。叶片粗蛋白质在春季放牧+割草+秋季放牧利用方式下含量最高,中性洗涤纤维含量在割草+秋季放牧利用方式下最高。(4)利用方式对不同密度鸭茅株高和叶长的影响极显著(p<0.01),对分蘖和叶量的影响根据密度的不同有变化。割草+秋季放牧利用方式下分蘖和叶量明显高于刈割利用方式,与自然生长间差异不显著(p>0.05)。利用方式对不同密度鸭茅地上生物量、地下生物量和叶片可溶性糖含量由大到小依次为:自然生长>割草利用>割草+秋季利用。鸭茅叶片淀粉含量高于根部的含量。从鸭茅叶片淀粉含量来看自然生长状态下淀粉的含量最大。密度为8株时,各利用方式下叶片淀粉的含量最高。鸭茅叶片和根部淀粉与还原糖含量受利用方式和密度共同的影响极显著(p<0.01)。(5)割草地在自然生长状态下地上总生物量最大。不同利用方式对鸭茅地上生物量的影响不显著(p>0.05)。割草利用方式下叶片的可溶性糖和淀粉含量最高。利用方式对根部可溶性糖、淀粉和还原糖含量的影响都显著(p<0.05)。割草+秋季放牧利用下叶片可溶性糖与地上生物量呈极显著正相关(p<0.01)。不同利用方式处理下叶片和根部可溶性糖和淀粉含量与地上、地下部生物量相关性各不相同。不同利用方式下割草场鸭茅叶片和根部粗蛋白质含量在春季放牧+割草利用方式下都为最高。在中性洗涤纤维含量比较中得出,对照利用方式下鸭茅叶片含量最高。更多还原

【Abstract】 The mowing pasture give prominence to the role of build and protect the grassland, reasonable utilization of mowing pasture was the key for sustaining development of grassland resource in Xinjiang. In order to reasonable utilize, develop continuely mowing pasture, study on growth rhythm, growth characteristic, biomass, nutrimental substance and reveal the change of physiology and ecology of Dactylis glomerata L. under different utilization model were discussed in mowing pasture, adopt the control in field and potted plant experimention, which in gramineous pasture + herbage meadow of Zhaosu Horse Farm, Xinjiang. The main results were as follows:(1)The change of biomass present the rule of converse“N”along with change of season. The contents of soluble sugar and reducing sugar of D. glomerata L. in leaves was higher than in roots, the effect of the season change on soluble sugar and reducing sugar contents in leaves and roots was significant (p<0.01).(2)Through the research of nutrimental substance of D. glomerata L. under utilize after mow on autumn in mowing pasture, it show that the content of soluble sugar of D. glomerata L. in roots was not the rule under the different utilize intensities, and each period the soluble sugar content of the contradistinguish was the highest. When utilize on autumn, with the increasing in utilize intensity, the reducing sugar content of D. glomerata L. in leaves was decreasing. The reducing sugar content of leaves and roots were less than soluble sugar in nutrimental substance.(3)The effect of the different utilize on tiller of the same density D. glomerata L. was not significant (p>0.05), the width of leaves was significant (p<0.05), count and length of leaves were significant (p<0.01). The difference of aboveground biomass among the each utilization was significant (p<0.05). The effect of the different utilize on soluble sugar and starch of the same density D. glomerata L. was significant (p<0.01), the reducing sugar of leaves was significant (p<0.01). The change of crude protein of same density D. glomerata L. under the different utilization models, the crude protein of leaves was highest under the grazing in spring, mowing then grazing in autumn, the neutral detergent fiber of same density was the hightest under the mowing and grazing in autumn.(4)The effect of the different utilize on high of different densities D. glomerata L. and leaves length were significant (p<0.01), the tiller and leaves count were not significant. The tiller and leaves count under the mowing and grazing after mowing were higher than the utilizition of only mowing, and it have no difference with growth of nature (p>0.05). Under the different utilize and density, the aboveground biomass, belowground biomass and the soluble sugar in leaves of D. glomerata L. was growth of nature>mowing>mowing and utilize in autumn. The starch content in leaves was higher than in roots. Under the growth of nature starch content was the highest in leaves. When the density was eight, the leaves starch was the highest. The effect of utilize and densities on starch and reducing sugar of leaves and roots was significant (p<0.01).(5)The total aboveground biomass was the biggest under the growth of nature in mowing pasture. Different utilizes have no effect on aboveground biomass of D. glomerata L. (p>0.05). The soluble sugar and starch of leaves and roots were highest under the mowing. The effect of utilize on soluble sugar, starch and reducing sugar of roots were significant (p<0.05). It had a significantly positive correlate with soluble sugar of leaves and aboveground biomass of D. glomerata L. under the mowing and grazing in autumn (p<0.01). Under the different utilization model, the correlate that was soluble sugar and biomass, starch and biomass was different. The crude protein contents of leaves and roots were the hightest under the spring grazing and mowing. The neutral detergent was the hightest under the growth nature.更多还原