【作者】 杨云；

【导师】 刘伟平；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 林业经济管理， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 为农户提供良好的金融服务,是解决我国三农问题的根本路径选择之一。随着我国林权制度改革的全面推进,林权抵押贷款的实践和发展为解决农村金融问题提供了创新工具,拓宽了农村金融的发展思路,正规农村金融机构林权抵押贷款的实践与发展必然在农村金融领域发挥重要的作用。本研究以实证性研究为主,由综述、原理解析、实证分析和结论及政策建议四大部分构成。研究的逻辑是：从林权抵押贷款和农村金融相关领域研究现状出发；解析了抵押担保品的拓展、林权抵押贷款内涵及其运行机制,并对实践中几种林权抵押贷款模式进行比较分析,解释林权抵押贷款的机理；然后从农村信贷需求的角度,对机构供给、农户需求和林权抵押贷款产品进行分析；利用实地调查数据对福建林权抵押贷款绩效进行评价；在此基础上,探讨了政府在林权抵押贷款中的作用；最后是结论和政策建议。本研究的主要结论：第一,在构建商业可持续发展的农村金融思路下,作为农村金融工具创新的林权抵押贷款为农村金融发展提供了新的思路,有助于解决长期以来农户贷款缺乏抵押担保品的困境,拓展了中国农村金融发展领域。第二,林权制度改革的推进与农村金融体制改革耦合,表明了农村正规金融机构开展林权抵押贷款是中国农村金融发展的必然选择和现实需要。第三,供给和需求层面的分析表明,中国农村正规金融机构开展林权抵押贷款的机构优势表现在微观组织结构、业务经营、所处政策环境及对社会资本的利用等方面；当然,在林权抵押贷款开展过程中,农村正规金融机构也存在一些来自机构自身发展和能力构建、外部环境等方面的障碍因素。第四,从林权抵押贷款实践来看,农村正规金融机构开展林权抵押贷款业务的激励机制分别来自行政激励与经济激励两个方面,比较而言,在初期发展阶段,行政激励大于经济激励；但是经济激励地位的转换对于林权抵押贷款的可持续发展更具有现实意义。第五,林权抵押贷款运行机制的设计汲取了小额信贷运行机理,同时充分发挥了非正式制度(信用、担保体系、协会等)、森林保险等在林权抵押贷款运作中的作用,实现了正规金融制度安排与非正式制度创新的有效融合。第六,实证的分析表明,林权抵押贷款的开展对农村正规金融经营绩效有改善作用,同时,对农户的信贷可得性、生产及收入的改善具有一定的意义。第七,政府在农村金融发展中承担着重要功能和作用,其作用有效发挥的实质在于构建完善政府、金融机构、农户存之间互动的关系,克服“市场失灵”,减缓“政府失效”,这种互动机制的和谐与完善将有助于推动林权抵押贷款的可持续发展。本研究的主要创新之处有五点：第一,本研究从农村信贷市场、目标群体、机构和农户四个层面,来揭示林权抵押贷款的实践和发展对拓展农村金融市场的重要作用。第二,将林权抵押贷款的概念框架纳入农村金融系统来研究,具有必要性和创新性。第三,从农村信贷需求的角度,系统研究林权抵押贷款中的供给机构、农户需求、产品的条件和优劣势,具有较强的实践性和创新性。第四,采用实证分析方法,分别从机构和农户层面展开研究,较全面系统地评价了福建林权抵押贷款的绩效,具有创新性。第五,从系统论的角度,在农村金融市场中,对政府、机构、农户之间的互动关系进行探讨和实证分析,为构建完整的、可操作性的政策建议提供了可能,具有一定的创新性。更多还原

【Abstract】 As we know, providing good finance services for Chinese farmers is one of the basic way to solve the problem of agriculture, farmers and rural areas. It has been shown that the practice and development of Forest Right Mortgage Loan, as an innovative tool for solving rural finance issues, has broaden the development methods for rural finance. It will certainly play an important role in the rural finance areas, with comprehensive promotion on forest tenure reform, practice and development of formal rural finance institutions in this areas. This study, main point on empirical research, includes four parts:overview, principles analysis, empirical analysis and policy recommendations and conclusions. Firstly, it makes research status quo of Forest Right Mortgage Loan and some related rural finance areas, analyses expansion of the collateral and connotation of Forest Right Mortgage Loan and its operation mechanism, and makes comparative analysis on several practice patterns, explains its mechanism. Then it analyses institutional supply, farmers’demand and services of Forest Right Mortgage Loan, takes an performance evaluation in Fujian Province with the surveyed field data from the perspective of rural credit needs. For this basis, it discusses government role in Forest Right Mortgage Loan. Finally it is its conclusions and policy recommendations.The main conclusions may include:The first, it shows, as an innovative finance instruments under building the sustainable rural finance business ideas, Forest Right Mortgage Loan provides a new way for rural finance development, solves dilemma of farmers lacking collateral for loans in a long time, enlarges Chinese rural finance development areas. Secondly, it proves Forest Right Mortgage Loan to be the inevitable choice for rural finance development and actual needs with the interaction between forest tenure reform and rural finance system promotion for formal rural finance institutions. Thirdly, comparison to the ongoing micro-credit, analysis on its supply and demand level shows that Forest Right Mortgage Loan is very remarkable for rural formal finance institutions on microstructure, business, policy environment, using social capital and other aspects. At the same time, there are some barriers, including their own development capacity building, external environment and so on. Fourthly, it shows that executive incentives and economic incentives are very important to formal finance institutions in developing Forest Right Mortgage Loan. For the above two, executive incentives is more important in the early stage. But for the sustainable development perspective, economic incentives executive is more realistic. Fifthly, it shows Forest Right Mortgage Loan operation mechanism, drawing on that of micro-credit, gives full play to informal system (credit system), forest insurance and so on. It achieves innovative and effective integration of formal and informal system. Sixthly, empirical analysis shows that the development of Forest Right Mortgage Loan has played an improving role for rural formal finance operation performance, at the same time, carried some positive role on farmers’ credit availability, improvement of production and income. Seventhly, it proves that the government plays an important function and role in development of rural finance. To construct and perfect good relationship and interaction mechanism between government, finance institutions and farmers will help to promote the sustainable development of Forest Right Mortgage Loan.The principal innovation may include the below five points:The first, from four levels-rural credit markets, target groups, institutions and farmers, this study reveals the important role of practice and development of Forest Right Mortgage Loan on rural finance markets. Secondly, it makes research conceptual framework of Forest Right Mortgage Loan under the rural finance system. Thirdly, from the rural credit needs perspective, it has done some systemly research on supply agencies, farmers demand, products conditions and the advantages and disadvantages for Forest Right Mortgage Loan. Fourthly, by empirical analysis, it makes more comprehensive and systematic evaluation of Forest Mortgage Righgt Loan performance in Fujian Province. At last, on system theory views, the study and empirical analysis of the interactive relationship among government, institutions and farmers in the rural financial market has a certain innovative, it helps to construct a complete, guideline government proposal.更多还原