【作者】 李军；

【导师】 郑浚茂； 李晓光；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学（北京） ， 矿产普查与勘探， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 东部凹陷沙三期（始新世中晚期）为裂谷发育的断陷期,断裂发育,构造条带狭窄,沉积作用与火山作用交互发生,砂岩与火成岩纵横交错,具有复杂而特殊的石油地质条件,并且沉积、储层缺乏系统地研究,制约了油气勘探。本文以沉积学、岩石学、储层地质学、石油地质学的新理论和新方法作指导,在沙三段沉积、储层整体研究的基础上,针对地区特点,开展沉积、储层特征及油气关系研究,构建沉积模式和火成岩发育模式,指出有利储层的分布区,提出勘探目标。构造演化控制了沉积演化及岩浆喷发,进而控制了储层的发育。本区主要物源为两侧的凸起,具近物源、多物源、物源交叉重叠等特征;火成岩体的存在可改变物源走向。通过大量沉积相标志的研究,建立了冲积扇、扇三角洲、三角洲、河流及浊流的相模式,确定优势沉积相带和优势储层发育区。研究认为沙三下亚段发育冲积扇-辫状河-冲积平原沉积体系,沙三中亚段发育冲积扇-扇三角洲-湖泊沉积体系,沙三上亚段北段发育冲积扇-辫状河三角洲-湖泊沉积体系,南段发育冲积扇-河流-三角洲-湖泊沉积体系,明确了各沉积相带的平面展布特征,沙三下、中、上亚段的砂砾岩体、浊积体、河道及滩坝砂体,是油气藏勘探的有利地区。砂岩储层分布和物性受沉积相、成岩作用和成岩相等综合控制;碎屑岩与火成岩储层交互发育,可减弱火成岩下伏砂岩的成岩作用,提高储集性能;砂岩储层综合评价为低孔-低渗储层。沙三上亚段储层主要处于中成岩A₁期,以溶蚀成岩相、溶蚀及部分再胶结成岩相为主,次生孔隙较发育,储集性能较好,多为Ⅱ类储层。火成岩储层主要为粗面岩（热河台-黄沙坨地区）、辉绿岩（驾掌寺、青龙台地区）、安山岩（大平房地区）、玄武岩、火山角砾岩（红星地区）和凝灰岩等。火成岩储层受埋深影响较小,将是中深层勘探的重要目标。除火山沉积相和边缘相带外,爆发相、溢流相、次火山岩相均为有利储集相带。综合考虑岩相、物性、产能、裂缝发育程度等因素,综合岩性、岩相、裂缝、测井储层预测、地震储层预测的结果,将火成岩储层分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ类。控制火成岩成藏因素主要有:油气输导条件、裂缝发育程度、有利岩相带等。论文在沉积模式建立、沉积作用与火山作用的关系、两类储层发育与油气的关系研究等方面取得了新认识。研究成果对今后的油气勘探具有一定的应用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Es3（The middle-late Eocene） in the Eastern Depression is at a stage of rift and fracture development. The structure belt is narrow and the sedimentation occurred alternatively with volcanic action, with sandstone and igneous rock reticulated, showing complex and conspicuous petroleum geology conditions. The lack of systematic research on sedimentation and reservoir has restricted oil and gas exploration in this area. This paper applies the new theory and method of sedimentology, sequence stratigraphy, petrology, reservoir geology and petroleum geology to guide the study on the Es3 sedimentation and overall reservoir research. Sedimentation and reservoir characteristics and oil/gas relationship are studied as per regional feature; depositional pattern and igneous rock development mode are constructed; the distribution of favorable reservoir is presented; and exploration deployment suggestion is proposed.Structural evolution had controlled magmatic exhalation and sedimentary evolution, and then controlled reservoir development. The major sources of sediment in this area are the uplifts on two sides, showing characteristics of near source, multi-source and juxtaposed source. The occurrence of igneous body can change source direction.The study of sedimentary marker has established facies models of alluvial fan, fan delta, delta, fluvial and turbid flow, defined predominant sedimentary facies and reservoir development areas, and believed that the Es3low had developed alluvial fan - braided river-alluvial plain sedimentary system, Es3mid had developed alluvial fan - fan delta-lacustrine depositional system, Es3up North had developed alluvial fan braided river delta-lacustrine depositional system, and Es3up south had developed alluvial fan-river-delta-lacustrine depositional system, thus clearly defined the plane distribution of each sedimentary facies. The glutinite,turbidite, stream channel and point bar sand bodies are favorable hydrocarbon exploration area.Sandstone reservoir distribution and physical property were controlled by sedimentary facies, diagenesis and lithogenous phase, etc;reservoirs of clastic rock and igneous rock had developed alternatively, which can attenuate the diagenesis of the sandstone underlying igneous rock and enhance reservoir property; the sandstone reservoir is comprehensively evaluated as low porosity-low permeability reservoir. The Es3up reservoir is mainly in the medium diagenesis stage of A₁, dominated by solutional diagenetic phase, solutional and partial recementing diagenetic phase, induced porosity was developed, reservoir property is good, mostly belonging to ClassⅡreservoir.The igneous rock reservoirs mainly include trachyte （Rehetai-Huangshatuo area）, diabase （Jiazhangsi, Qinglongtai areas）, andesite （Dapingfang area）, basalt, volcanic breccia （Hongxing area） and tuff, etc. Igneous rock reservoir is less affected by depth of burial and will be essential target of mid-depth exploration. Except volcanogenic and marginal facies, all the explosive facies, overflow facies and subvolcanic facies are favorable reservoir zones. Igneous rock reservoirs are classified into Class I, II, III and IV based on comprehensive consideration of lithofacies, physical property, deliverability, fissures development degree and other factors by integrating the results of lithology, lithofacies, fissures, well logging reservoir and seismic reservoir prediction. The control factors of hydrocarbon accumulation in igneous rock reservoir mainly include oil/gas conduction conditions, fissures development degree, and favorable facies,etc .This paper has achieved new cognitions in respects of depositional pattern construction, the relationship of sedimentation and volcanic action, two-type reservoir development and oil/gas relationship research. The research findings are of certain application value to future oil and gas exploration.更多还原