【作者】 姜登钊；

【导师】 管华诗；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 药物化学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 随着海洋开发力度的加强,海洋药用资源的的极大丰富为海洋中药的发展提供了广阔的前景。如何加快海洋药用资源的开发,将丰富的海洋药用资源充分的开发利用于临床成为海洋科技工作者面临的重要课题。利用现代成药理论,对海洋药用资源中的天然产物成分分离提取,进而研究其药理药效作用的方法虽然能够从海洋生物中获得很多活性的化合物,但能够进入临床的候选药物极其有限,即使进入临床研究,淘汰的几率也较大,无法充分利用如此大量的海洋药用资源。中医药理论是我国独特的医药理论,在中华民族数千年的繁衍生息中起到了举足轻重的作用,而对中医药理论的解析及应用对于海洋中药的开发将起到巨大的推动作用。归经理论是中医药理论的重要组成部分,其不但可以有效指导临床用药,还能开发药物的潜在功效,因而在发展海洋中药的过程中借鉴归经理论,不但能够提高海洋中药研发的针对性,还能扩大海洋中药筛选的范围。在继承传统海洋中药的基础加以创新,借鉴中医药理论指导,运用现代科学技术,开发高效的符合中药特点的新型海洋中药。本论文在实验室前期工作的基础上,选择一味归肺经的中药百部,对其含有的化学成分包括无机元素、氨基酸、多糖及生物碱类成分进行研究,重点对其入血成分进行研究,结果表明中药百部的入血成分为百部新碱。对百部新碱进行药代动力学和组织分布研究,结果表明百部新碱在大鼠体内的药代动力学呈二室模型,达峰时间为1.67±0.11h,血药峰值浓度为44.35±4.67μg/mL,生物利用度为12.41%；百部新碱在大鼠各脏器中均有所分布,90min时在肺组织中的分布最高,提示百部新碱的分布的确具有靶向性,这与其归肺经的论断是相一致的；百部新碱能够穿过血脑屏障在脑组织中分布且在120min时达到峰值,这与文献报道百部生物碱既有外周镇咳作用,也具有中枢镇咳作用相一致。在对百部单味药研究的基础上,对含有百部的中药复方止嗽散进行研究,探讨复方给药对百部归经的影响。药代动力学研究表明,给药止嗽散后,百部新碱同样呈二室模型,达峰时间1.30±0.27h,血药峰值浓度为47.57±9.61μg/ml,生物利用度为19.19%。组织分布研究表明给药止嗽散后,百部新碱在各组织中迅速分布,90min时在肺组织中的分布最高,且高于其他组织,也高于百部单味药给药时的肺组织浓度,同时百部新碱也能够穿越血脑屏障,120min时在脑组织中分布最高。药代动力学和组织分布结果表明,复方给药能够提高百部新碱的生物利用度,促进其在组织中的分布浓度,但是并没有改变百部的归经本质。在对止嗽散研究的基础上,对构成复方的中药成分进行总结,总结其含有的对肺部疾病起主要药效作用的化合物类型及其其结构信息。结果表明生物碱,黄酮,甾体和萜类成分是止嗽散的药效物质基础。经过对化合物的结构与活性的关系进行总结后,选择含有相类似成分及药效作用的海洋中药柽柳和海藻来替换止嗽散中陆地中药陈皮与白前,组成新的海洋复方。对含有百部的海洋自拟方进行研究,探讨替换后的海洋自拟方对百部归经的影响。药代动力学研究表明,给药海洋自拟方后,百部新碱同样呈二室模型,达峰时间1.20±0.27h,血药峰值浓度为45.16±9.74μg/ml,生物利用度为19.29%。组织分布研究表明给药海洋自拟方后,与给药止嗽散相似,百部新碱在各组织中迅速分布,90min时在肺组织中的分布最高,且高于其他组织,也高于百部单味药给药时的肺组织浓度,同时百部新碱也能够穿越血脑屏障,120min时在脑组织中分布最高。药代动力学和组织分布结果表明,替换后的海洋自拟方也能够提高百部新碱的生物利用度,促进其在组织中的分布浓度,而且也没有改变百部的归经本质。以止咳,平喘和祛痰三种药效指标对止嗽散和海洋自拟方进行药效对比研究,结果表明,两种复方在这三种药效上均具有很大的相似性,其中海洋自拟方的平喘作用强于原方且具有显著性差异,说明海藻和柽柳的组合对于复方的平喘作用具有重要的影响。以上结果显示以百部的药效成分的组织分布对百部的归经进行判断是可行的,而复方给药对于百部中药效成分的靶向分布具有促进作用,说明复方给药能够增强药物的归经作用；以含有相似化学结构与药理活性的海洋中药来代替复方中的陆地中药能够产生相近甚至更好的药效作用,为海洋中药的开发利用提供了一条崭新的思路,在此思路指引下,可以对海洋中的大量海洋药用资源进行研究,从而更加有效的开发利用海洋中药。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the the ocean exploitation, the abundance of marine drug resources provided the Traditional Marine Chinese Medicine (TMCM) with a broad prospect. It became an essential issue to promote the development of marine drug resources and apply them on clinic for the oceanic scientists. Many compounds were obtained from the marine organisms after the separations of the marine drug resources. A lot of compounds were tested for various activities but a few of them became the candidates and were studied on clinic which may be still condemned at last, therefore, lots of marine drug resources couldn’t be used on clinic.The theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine is an unique theory in China and played an important role on the health of the people in China for thousands of years. The modern analysis and application of the theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine may play a huge role in promoting the development of Marine Chinese Medicine. Meridian Tropism Theory (MTT) is an important part of the theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine which can not only instruct rational use of drugs in clinic practice but also develop the potential efficacy of the drug. So applying the MTT to develop the marine drug could not only improve the target of the marine drug but also expand the screening range of the marine drug.The study was based on the preliminary work of our laboratory and selected Baibu (Stemona tuberosa Lour.) which was a traditional drug of Lung Meridian Tropism to study its chemical components such as mineral elements, amino acids, polysaccharides. alkaloids and especially its migration component in plasma. The results showed that the stemoninine was its migration component in plasma. The pharmacokinetics of stemoninine showed that its in vivo behavior could be described with two-compartment mode and the Tmax and Cmax were 1.67±0.11 h and 44.35±4.67μg/mL after oral administration of STE. The bioavailability of stemoninine was 12.41%. The tissue distributions showed that the stemoninine could distribute in the tissues and achieved the max concentration in lung at 90 min which suggested that the distribution of stemoninine was targeted. The result was concordant with the traditional judgement of Baibu. Besides, the stemoninine could permeate the blood-brain barrier and achieve the max concentration in brain at 120 min. The stemoninine was reported to exert its antitussive action via both central and peripheral actions which concordant with its tissue distributions.Base on the studies of the Baibu, a continue study was carried out on the complex prescription "Zhi Sou San" which contents the Baibu. The influence of the complex prescription on the meridian tropism on Baibu was approached. The pharmacokinetics results showed that the in vivo behavior of stemoninine was still two-compartment mode and the Tmax and Cmax were 1.30±0.27 h and 47.57±9.61μg/mL after oral administration of "Zhi Sou San". The bioavailability of stemoninine was 19.19%. The tissue distributions showed that the stemoninine could distribute in the tissues and also achieved the max concentration in lung at 90 min and in brain at 120 min. The results showed that the complex prescription could promote the bioavailability and tissue distribution concentrations but not change the meridian tropism on Baibu.The pharmacodynamic components of the "Zhi Sou San" were summaried and the results showed that alkaloids, flavones, steroids and terpenes were the pharmacodynamic foundations of the "Zhi Sou San". After a summary of relationship between the chemical structures and activities, two marine Chinese medicine Chengliu (Tamarix chinensis Lour.) and Haizao (Sargassum pallidum (Turn.) C. Ag.) were selected to replace the Chenpi (Citrus reticulata Blanco.) and Baiqian (Cynanchum stauntonii (Decne.) Schltr. ex levl.) and a new complex prescription was made which was called "Hai Yang Zi Ni Fang". The continue study was similar to the study of "Zhi Sou San". The influence of the new complex prescription on the meridian tropism on Baibu was approached. The pharmacokinetics results showed that the in vivo behavior of stemoninine was still two-compartment mode and the Tmax and Cmax were 1.20±0.27 h and 45.16±9.74μg/mL after oral administration of "Hai Yang Zi Ni Fang". The bioavailability of stemoninine was 19.29%. The tissue distributions showed that the stemoninine could distribute in the tissues and also achieved the max concentration in lung at 90 min and in brain at 120 min. The results showed that the new complex prescription could also promote the bioavailability and tissue distribution concentrations but not change the meridian tropism on Baibu.Three kinds of pharmacological activity including antitussive, antiasthmatic and expectorant were selected to compare the "Zhi Sou San" with "Hai Yang Zi Ni Fang" The results showed that the two complex prescriptions were similar on the pharmacodynamic actions except for the antiasthmatic, of which the latter was more powerful than the former. The result suggested that the combination of Chengliu and Haizao had an important contribution to the antiasthmatic activity of the "Hai Yang Zi Ni Fang".The above results showed that it was feasible to the judge the meridian tropism on Baibu by the tissue distributions of the pharmacodynamic component. The complex prescriptions could promote the targeted distribution of stemoninine which suggested that the complex prescriptions could enhance the meridian tropism action of Baibu. After replacing marine Chinese medicines which had similar chemical structures and pharmaco-activities with the land medicines, the complex prescription could display a similar even more powerful pharmacodynamic action, which provided a brand-new path to utilize the marine drug resources with much efficiency.更多还原