【作者】 付天光；

【导师】 费鸿禄；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁工程技术大学 ， 采矿工程， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 在总结国内外学者对逐孔起爆技术研究现状的基础上,运用爆破理论和振动波的传播规律与特征,分析了爆破振动的影响因素和振动累积效应,结合国内外爆破振动安全判据,提出了爆破振动效应预测与控制的一些有效方法。利用小波包分析理论和傅立叶变换方法,针对现场采集的逐孔起爆振动信号,对地震波不同频带的能量分布特征进行了分析,提出了描述逐孔起爆过程中振动效应的三个主要参数:振速峰值、振动主频和振动持续时间。利用神经网络理论,充分考虑了逐孔起爆过程中振动效应的影响因素,建立了振动参数预报的BP网络模型。该模型能够一次输出反映振动效应的三个基本参数,通过模型的应用与对比分析,也证实了该模型比传统经验公式更接近现场实测结果。结合高精度、高强度导爆管雷管的性能,对逐孔起爆网络设计做了分析,提出了几种常用的起爆网络。利用可靠性理论,提出了非电起爆原件可靠性和整个网络传爆可靠度的计算方法。利用SPH方法善于计算大变形动力学工程问题的优势,通过有限元分析软件,分单孔起爆、双孔起爆、四孔起爆和双排多孔起爆四种情况,对逐孔起爆的全过程进行了数值模拟。模拟效果再现了岩石介质由损伤至破裂,再到被抛散的整个过程,配合节点位移变化曲线和应力场分布规律,对逐孔起爆破岩机理做了较为深入的分析。将逐孔起爆网络设计与振动参数预报方面的研究成果,应用到了矿山生产中,进行了逐孔起爆技术的现场试验研究。针对传统微差起爆技术和逐孔起爆技术,统计二者的各项经济指标,全面比较两种技术产生的综合经济成本,证实采用逐孔起爆技术,不仅很好地控制了爆破振动效应,更重要的是可以给矿山带来更高的经济效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 This article, based on the summarization of the current research situation of the detonation-by-hole technique by the scholars both at home and abroad, and taking use of the demolition theory and the dissemination rule and characteristic of the vibration wave, carried out an analysis of the influencing factors of the blasting vibration, and the vibration cumulative effect. It also proposed some effective methods for the forecast and control of the demolition jarring effect in combination of demolition vibration security criteria both from domestic and abroad. Using the wavelet packet analysis theory and the Fourier transformation method, and in view of the vibration signal of the denotation-by-hole collected on scene, this article made an analysis of the energy distribution characteristics of the different frequency bands of the earthquake wave. And it proposed the three main parameters that can describe the vibration effect in the process of the detonation by hole, namely: David peak velocity, vibration frequency and duration of shock.Using the neural network theory and giving full consideration to the influencing factors of the shocking effects in the process of the detonation by hole, we have established the BP network model for the vibration parameter forecast. This model can output at the same time the three basic parameters that can reflect the shocking effect, so it is more reasonable than the empirical formula. Through the application and contrastive analysis of the BP prediction model, we also confirm that this model is closer to the spot actual result than the tradition empirical formula. In combination of the performance of the detonator with high accuracy, and high strength, we made an analysis to the design of the detonation-by-hole network and proposed several kinds of commonly-used detonation networks. Using the reliability theory, we proposed the computational method for the reliability of the non-electric detonation original part and the entire network detonation reliability.Taking using of the superiority of the SPH method in calculating the large deformation dynamics project question, and through the finite element analysis software, we carried on an numerical simulation of the entire denotation-by-hole process under four kinds of situations, namely the single-hole detonation, the double-hole detonation, four-hole detonation and the two-row porous-hole detonation. The simulation effect reappeared the entire process of the rock medium from damage to breakage, and then to be scattered and thrown. Coordinating with the changing curve of the nodal points’displacement and the distribution rule of the stress field, we made an in-depth analysis of the rock-breaking mechanism of the hole-by-hole detonation.We applied our research results in network design, vibration parameters prediction, vibration wavelet signal analysis and vibration effect control of the hole-by-hole detonation to the mine production and had a field-test-research to the hole-by-hole detonation technique. In view of the traditional elemental error initiation techniques and the hole-by-hole detonation technology, we counted all the economic indicators and compared fully the comprehensive economic cost of these two technologies. And it confirmed that if we use the hole-by-hole detonation technology, we can not only have a good control of the blasting vibration effects, but more importantly, we can bring a higher economic efficiency to the mine.更多还原