【作者】 赵扬锋；

【导师】 潘一山；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁工程技术大学 ， 工程力学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 冲击地压是由于采矿活动而诱发的矿井岩体突然失稳破坏的动力现象,是影响矿井安全生产的重大自然灾害之一。国内外对矿震的研究已有近百年的历史,但一直没有很好的解决。我国现已成为世界上冲击地压最严重国家之一,对煤矿冲击地压的监测预报技术的深入研究己显得极为迫切。本文分析研究了煤岩变形破裂机制,自主研制了电荷感应仪,包括电荷传感器的研制和数据采集器的软硬件开发。并用实验和理论分析相结合的方法研究了煤岩变形破裂过程电荷感应规律,结合实验结果和煤岩变形破裂机制,分析研究了煤岩变形破裂电荷感应机理。利用自主研制的电荷感应仪对矿山动力现象进行预测预报。研究结果表明,电荷感应仪已能监测到煤岩变形破裂过程产生的电荷,煤岩变形破裂过程是有电荷产生的。煤岩体变形及破裂过程中电荷感应信号先于磁信号的发生,电荷感应信号和声发射信号不完全同步。电荷感应和声发射不是同源辐射,他们之间有着不完全相同的产生机制。电荷感应信号的强弱与煤岩体的抗压强度、煤岩体结构和加载方式都有关。各面产生的电荷感应信号并非严格同步,且大小也是不一样的。在突然加卸载时,都会有电荷感应信号的产生,但强度都较小,在试样破裂时信号最强。非均匀煤岩材料的变形及破裂过程是不连续的,是阵发性的,测得的电荷感应信号也是不连续、阵发性的,表明煤岩变形破裂过程电荷的产生与煤岩的变形破裂有很大关系。煤岩变形破裂过程中电荷的产生机理有压电效应、摩擦作用、微破裂导致裂隙尖端电荷分离、位错理论、动电效应等。但煤岩体受载变形破裂过程产生电荷的主要机理是微破裂导致裂隙尖端电荷分离和摩擦作用。将电荷感应技术在煤矿井下用于预测预报煤岩动力灾害现象是可行的。作为正在探索的检测岩石破坏过程、预测预报煤岩动力灾害现象手段之一,电荷感应方法应是一种很具潜力的方法,值得深入研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rockburst, a serious natural disaster, is considered as a dynamic destabilization phenomenon of the rock mass in mining activities. The research history of rockburst nearly has been 100 years in China and abroad, however it still hasn’t been preferably solved. China is one of the countries where rockbursts are serious, which makes it an urgent task to research into the monitoring technique of rockburst. The deformation and fracture mechanism of coal or rock is studied. The charge induction instrument which includes the charge sensor and data collector’s hardware & software is independently developed. The rule of charge induction during the rock and coal deformation and failure is researched by combining experimental study with theoretical analysis. Based on the experimental results and the mechanisms of coal or rock deformation and fracture, the mechanism of charge induction during coal or rock deformation and fracture is analyzed and studied. With the self-designed charge induction instrument, the mine dynamic phenomenon is predicted.The results indicate that the charge induction instrument has been able to monitor the produced charge of coal or rock deformation and fracture. There is the charge in the process of coal or rock deformation and fracture. The charge induction signal priors to the occurrence of magnetic signals during the coal or rock deformation and fracture. Charge induction signals and acoustic emission signals are not fully synchronized. Charge induction and acoustic emission aren’t homologous radiation, and there isn’t identical generation mechanism between them. The charge induction signal is relation to the compressive strength, the structure and the loading method of coal rock mass. The charge induction signals on all sides aren’t in the same step, and their magnitude is different. Sudden loading and unloading, there will be charge induction signal generation, but the signal intensity is very small, the strongest signal is emerged at the time of fracture. The deformation and fracture process of non-homogeneous coal or rock is not continuous process, is paroxysmal. The charge induction signal is not continuous, paroxysmal too. Our result suggests that the charge production during the process of coal or rock deformation and fracture is relation to the deformation and fracture of coal or rock. The generated mechanism of the charge includes piezoelectric effect, friction, crack-tip charge separation because of micro-rupture, dislocation theory, and electro-kinetic effect in the process of coal or rock deformation and fracture. But the primary principles of charge generation in the process of coal or rock deformation and fracture are friction and crack-tip charge separation because of micro-rupture. The application of the technology of charge induction in the prediction of catastrophic dynamic phenomena is feasible.The method of the charge induction should be a very potential method to exploring the rock failure process and predicting catastrophic dynamic phenomena, it is worth to studying.更多还原