【作者】 闫培雷；

【导师】 孙柏涛；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工程大学 ， 工程力学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 在汶川地震中,部分钢筋混凝土框架结构发生破坏甚至倒塌,尤其是教学楼、医院等开间较大的建筑,这在以往的震例中颇为罕见,也引起了工程力学与地震工程界的广泛关注。深入研究钢筋混凝土框架结构在罕遇地震作用下的破坏机理和其抗倒塌能力,对框架结构的抗震规范修订有参考作用,并在此基础上开展地震现场灾情场景模拟,指导地震紧急救援,是提高防灾减灾能力的一种重要手段。本文立足于工程力学与防灾减灾的现实需求,以前人的大量工作为基础,以汶川地震中映秀镇漩口中学综合楼与办公楼以及北川大酒店附楼为例,分析罕遇地震作用下影响钢筋混凝土框架结构的抗震性态的各种因素(含墙率、平面布置、抗震缝宽度等),并从宏观的角度入手,建立强震作用(用烈度表征)与结构破坏形态(用图形表征)之间的关系模型,开展钢筋混凝土框架结构三维震害模型的计算机模拟技术以及基于ArcGIS的视景模拟演示研究,用以描述罕遇地震作用下钢筋混凝土框架结构的典型破坏特征和宏观灾害场景。因此,本文研究内容涉及多个学科(如工程力学、土木工程,图形图像处理、数据库技术以及地理信息系统等)的相互交叉渗透。目前,我国大多数地震应急救援工作者和人民群众没有亲身经历地震的经验,而且以中国的综合国力而言,不可能通过实际模拟的方法,使每个人均能置身于真实的地震场景中。因此,本文的研究能够使地震应急管理人员、相关技术人员以及人民群众感受到地震现场环境,对于提高我国地震现场应急救援能力以及公民在破坏性地震中的自救能力,具有十分重要的意义。本文完成了以下工作:(1)给出了钢筋混凝土框架结构的破坏等级的划分标准以及对应的震害实例,总结了钢筋混凝土框架结构的典型震害现象以及破坏特征;并且给出了汶川地震中钢筋混凝土框架结构特有震害现象;(2)以汶川地震中映秀镇漩口中学的综合楼与办公楼以及北川县北川大酒店附楼为例,利用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS分析了筋混凝土框架结构遭受罕遇地震作用时的破坏机理;分析了弹塑性层间位移角限对钢筋混凝土框架结构破坏的影响,并且给出倒塌时刻的结构内力分布,讨论了结构发生相互碰撞的原因,含墙率对钢筋混凝土框架结构在罕遇地震作用下抗震性态的影响,钢筋混凝土框架结构在不同地震烈度作用下的抗震性态,分析了钢筋混凝土框架结构的平面布置对结构的抗震性态的影响。(3)给出了用于指导建立钢筋混凝土框架结构三维灾害模型在不同破坏等级(基本完好、轻微破坏、中等破坏、严重破坏、倒塌)下的单体震害分布规律,并以汶川地震中映秀镇漩口中学综合楼为例,给出了三维完好模型以及三维灾害模型的建模方法;(4)给出三维灾害模型在Oracle数据库中的存储与调用的准则,给出基于ArcGIS软件实现宏观灾害场景的方法,包括:三维地形的实现、三维建筑模块场景的实现、利用颜色区分不同破坏等级的建筑模块、三维灾害模型如何导入到宏观灾害场景以及三维建筑模块与三维灾害模型的替换准则等;最后以福建省石狮市为背景,模拟了石狮市地震灾情场景。更多还原

【Abstract】 Some reinforced concrete frame structure and especially the large bay buildings such as classroom and hospital were damaged and collapsed in Wenchuan earthquake. It is rare in the previous earthquakes. The tragic has attracted great attention in engineering mechanics and seismic engineering. In this paper, the failure mechanism and the collapse resistant capacity of reinforced concrete frame structure under the strong earthquake action has been studied. It is useful for revising the seismic code. On the basis, the simulation technology to seismic disaster scene has been studied. The technology will guide the earthquake emergency response and rescue. It is an important means to improve the ability of disaster prevention and reduction. The paper stands on the demand of engineering mechanics and the disaster prevention and reduction. Based on a lot of previous work, take the office building and the office building in the Xuankou secondary school and the skirt building of Beichuan Hotel as examples, various factors which influence the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete frame structure have been discussed, such as wall percentage, the arrangement of column network and the width of the seismic joint. The relation model between strong earthquakes (characterized by intensity) and failure mode (characterized by pictures) has been established macroscopically, the simulation of 3-D seismic damage of reinforced concrete frame structures has been investigated by computer technology, and the visual simulation based on ArcGIS has been investigated to describe the typical failure mode of the structures and the macroscopic seismic disaster scene. So this paper is a multi-subjects permeated subject, such as engineering mechanics, civil engineering, graphics and image processing, database technology and GIS technology. At present, most of the rescue staff and the masses do not have the experience of earthquake. According to the comprehensive national power of China, it is impossible to make everyone in the seismic scene by the means of realistic simulation. The rescue staff and the masses could experience the earthquake according to the seismic disaster scene. The research is important to improve the rescue ability of rescue staff and masses.The main research contents are as follows:(1) The failure grade division standard of reinforced concrete frame structure and the corresponding seismic damage examples are given. The typical seismic damage phenomenon and failure mode are summarized. The endemic seismic damage of reinforced concrete frame structure in Wenchuan earthquake is given.(2) Taking the office building and the office building in the Xuankou secondary school and the skirt building of Beichuan Hotel as examples, the failure mechanism of reinforced concrete frame structure is discussed by the software of ANSYS. The influence of the elastic-plastic inter-story displacement angle on reinforced concrete frame structure and the internal force at the time of collapse are given. The reason of the collision is discussed. The seismic performance at various intensities is given. The influence of wall percentage and arrangement of column network on reinforced concrete frame structure is discussed.(3) The monomer seismic damage distribution rule of reinforced concrete frame structure at various failure grades (intact, slight damage, medium damage, heavy damage, destroy) is given. Taking the office building in the Xuankou secondary school as an example, the method of making 3-D intact model and 3-D seismic damage model is given.(4) The storage and calling criterion of the 3-D seismic damage model in Oracle Database is given. The methods of realizing the macroscopic seismic disaster scene are given, for example, the implementation of 3-D terrain, the implementation of 3-D buildings module, the distinction failure grades by various colures, the introduction of 3-D seismic damage model into the macroscopic seismic disaster scene, the replacing criterion between3-D intact model and 3-D seismic damage model. At last, based on the background of the city of Shishi, the seismic disaster scene is simulated.更多还原