经济援助外交“杠杆”建构研究

【作者】 向丽华；

【导师】 张曙光；

【作者基本信息】 上海外国语大学 ， 国际关系， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 随着经济外交在国际政治中得到日益广泛的运用,作为其主要实施手段之一的经济援助外交越发受到对外政策决策者的重视。大国,无论是已经确立了大国地位的,还是正在崛起的,都难免试图利用其通过经济方式建构的政治杠杆来建立和加强同小国、弱国的安全利益共同体,制衡对方的决策和对外政策行为,扩大本国影响力,实现国家政治和安全目标,维护和推进国家利益。但在很长时期内,人们对经济援助外交的成败和有效性存在着大量争议。这种矛盾状况与缺乏对经济援助外交杠杆建构的深入研究有密切关系。本文力求从学理上界定“经济援助外交”的概念,借用国际政治经济学“新重商主义”的理论假设,对民族主权国家采用经济援助手段实现政治安全目标这一对外政策行为的动机进行了分析,并用理性选择理论辨析了“经济援助外交具有杠杆效用”这一假设的逻辑和作用机制。为了解析经济援助外交的理论支持和实践效果之间存在的差距,文章提出了在决策及对外政策行为中影响经济援助外交杠杆建构的四个变量,即:结构因素(双方的实力及对比)、战略因素(国家利益界定和认知)、国内因素以及外部因素(来自第三方的援助竞争),并将这些变量与杠杆建构之间可能的关联性放到国际冷战史的三个案例中,即20世纪50年代美国实施的第四点计划、1954-1960年苏联对中国的经济援助、1961-1973年中国对越南的经济援助,并依据最新解密的中外外交档案对经济援助外交的理论假设进行实证与检验。本文提出以“共同安全”和“相互收益”理念来指导中国经济援助外交实践这一观点,以期突破理论研究同外交实践的局限和边界,使经济援助外交更好服务于新时期下中国的和平发展战略,实现构建“和谐世界”的总体对外目标。更多还原

【Abstract】 Economic Diplomacy has been widely employed in international politics. Decision-makers increasingly prefer using Economic Aid Diplomacy (EAD) as one of the effective statecrafts. Great powers, already established or on the rise, invariably attempt to utilize its political leverage to protect and/or advance their security interests vis-à-vis weaker nation-states, with which to affect their decision-making process and foreign policy behaviors. For a long time, however, there lacks in-depth studies of the motives, consequences and effectiveness of EAD. Guided by the theoretical assumptions of Neo-Mercantilism in the International Political Economy (IPE), this dissertation tries to define EAD and, more importantly, analyze why sovereign states use economic means to meet their political ends. In addition, it strives to reconcile IPE’s theoretical hypothesis (i.e., EAD can leverage recipients in accordance with the logic of Rational Choice Theory) with historical evidence. Given the disparity between theory and practice, four independent variables, structural, strategic, domestic and external, have been put forward. The correlation between these four variables and leverage-building (dependent variable for this analysis) has been examined through three cases in the Cold War period, namely the United States Four-Point program from Truman to Eisenhower in 1950s, the Soviet Union’s economic aid to China from 1954 to 1960, and China’s economic aid to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam from 1961 to 1973. To testify the theoretical assumptions of EAD, this dissertation relies on the newly declassified Chinese and foreign archives and historical material. The ideas of common security and win-win cooperation are advanced, which can forge a guide to China’s EAD in the new era of 21st century, making EAD better serve the strategy of peaceful development and the overall foreign aim of building harmonious world.更多还原