【摘要】 科技创新对改善投入产出的要素规模、结构与配置,提高生产要素的投入产出边际效率具有重要意义,在区域经济发展模式转型中的重要作用得到广泛认同。研究以全球118个国家为分析样本,运用基尼系数、泰尔指数、空间自相关、面板数据模型等方法探索全球国家科技创新水平、碳生产率时空演变与空间集聚特征,并分析科技创新对碳生产率的影响,得出以下结论:①全球科技创新指数大致呈波动上升趋势,从2009年的32. 15上升至2016年的37. 59,基尼系数由0. 143上升至0. 175,区域差异呈逐渐扩大趋势,Moran’s I指数由0. 228上升至0. 270,科技创新集聚态势较为明显且有所增强。②全球碳生产率呈上升或者波动上升趋势,基尼系数介于0. 278～0. 301之间,区域差异呈缩小趋势,但区域差异依然较大,Moran’s I指数由0. 047上升至0. 077,碳生产率的集聚态势较弱但趋势有所增强。③从整体样本估计、分类型样本估计来看,科技创新对碳生产率具有重要促进作用,主要通过思想理念渗透与普及、技术融合与工艺优化、产业和产品创新等路径促进投入产出结构优化,降低能源消耗总量、提高能源利用效率。人均GDP、信息化指数对碳生产率具有正向推动作用,工业增加值占GDP比重、城市化率与碳生产率呈显著负相关,FDI与碳生产率关系具有不确定性。④从构建区域创新系统、完善绿色科技创新体系、建立绿色科技创新制度等方面提出对策建议,进一步提升科技创新对碳生产率的影响度。研究对提升全球科技创新竞争力、提高碳生产率和减缓气候变化等具有一定参考价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Scientific and technological innovation plays an important role in improving the scale,structure and allocation of input and output factors,and improving the marginal efficiency of input and output of production factors. The research took 118 countries as analysis samples and used Gini coefficient,Thiel index,spatial autocorrelation,panel data model and other methods to study the level of scientific and technological innovation,spatial evolution and spatial agglomeration characteristics of carbon productivity of global countries,and the impact of scientific and technological innovation on carbon productivity. The following conclusions were drawn: ①The global scientific and technological innovation index generally showed an upward trend of fluctuation,from 32. 15 in 2009 to 37. 59 in 2016,and Gini coefficient increased from 0. 143 to 0. 175. The regional differences of global scientific and technological innovation levels gradually expanded,with Moran’s I index rising from 0. 228 to 0. 270. The trend of scientific and technological innovation agglomeration was obvious and strengthened to some extent. ② The global carbon productivity was rising or fluctuating. The Gini coefficient of carbon productivity was between 0. 278 and 0. 301,and the regional difference of carbon productivity was narrowing,but the regional differences were still large. Moran’s I index increased from 0. 047 to 0. 077. The concentration of carbon productivity was weak but increased. ③From the perspective of overall sample estimation and taxonomic sample estimation,scientific and technological innovation played an important role in promoting carbon productivity. It mainly promoted the optimization of input-output structures through ideological penetration and popularization,technological integration and process optimization,and industrial and product innovation. It will increase efficiency in the use of resources and the environment. The per capita GDP and informatization index had a positive effect on carbon productivity. Proportion of the added value of the secondary industry in GDP,urbanization rate,and carbon productivity were significantly negatively related,and the relationship between FDI and carbon productivity was uncertain. ④ The research put forward countermeasures from the aspects of constructing regional innovation system,including perfecting green science and technology innovation system,and establishing green science and technology innovation system,so as to further enhance the influence of scientific and technological innovation on carbon productivity. The research has reference value for enhancing global competitiveness in scientific and technological innovation,increasing carbon productivity and mitigating climate change.更多还原