【摘要】 为探明氮肥和腐熟剂对小麦秸秆腐解的协同作用,采用田间堆腐的方法,设置自然堆腐（S）、堆腐+氮肥（NS）、堆腐+腐熟剂（ES）和堆腐+氮肥和腐熟剂（NESS）4个处理,研究外源添加氮肥和腐熟剂对小麦秸秆堆腐过程中残留质量,纤维素酶等水解酶和木质素过氧化物酶等氧化酶活性的变化及与秸秆腐解的耦合关系。结果表明,在田间堆腐条件下,小麦秸秆的质量变化特征符合一阶动力学方程。堆腐120d时,单独加氮肥（NS）或腐熟剂（ES）处理的小麦秸秆腐解率分别达到74.70%和73.26%,共施氮肥和腐熟剂（NESS）处理条件下小麦秸秆腐解率达到79.83%,腐解常数表现为K_NESS>K_NS>K_ES>K_S的规律,其中NESS处理条件下小麦秸秆腐解程度更高。添加氮肥或腐熟剂均能显著提高小麦秸秆腐解速率（K=0.017,P<0.01）,同时添加氮肥和腐熟剂能显著增加小麦秸秆腐解过程中过氧化物酶活性,协同促进小麦秸秆腐解。添加氮肥主要通过提高水解酶活性加速小麦秸秆腐解,而添加腐熟剂主要通过促进氧化酶活性加速小麦秸秆腐解,同时添加氮肥和腐熟剂主要通过提高氧化酶活性,进而加速小麦秸秆腐解。更多还原

【Abstract】 To investigate the cooperative effects of nitrogen and effective microorganisms on wheat straw decomposition, the mass loss, hydrolase（ie. cellulase） and oxidase（ie. Lignin peroxidase） activities as well as their roles in decomposition of straw were examined in the field. Four treatments including straw natural composting（S）, nitrogen plus straw composting（NS）, effective microorganisms plus straw composting（ES） and nitrogen and effective microorganisms plus straw composting（NESS） were conducted in this paper. Results showed that the wheat straw residues decomposition was well fitted the first-order kinetic equation.The decomposition rates of the wheat straw residue under the NS, ES treatments were 74.70% and 73.26%, respectively after incubation for 120 d, while it was 79.83% under the NESS treatment. The decomposition rate constant expressed the trend of K_NESS>K_NS>K_ES>K_S, and the highest decomposition rate constant was found in the treatments of NESS. The nitrogen fertilization combined with effective microorganisms greatly stimulated the decomposition of wheat straw by increasing the activities of peroxidase and thus significantly promote the decomposition of wheat straw（K=0.017, P<0.01）. In summary, nitrogen fertilizer as well as the effective micro-organism can accelerate the decomposition of wheat straw residues, the former accelerated the decomposition of wheat straw by increasing the activities of hydrolase, whereas the later accelerated the decomposition of wheat straw by increasing the activities of oxidase.更多还原