【摘要】 地下水是玛纳斯河流域山前平原区的主要供水水源,该区内地下水资源动态变化的研究对于指导当地水资源合理开发利用以及生态环境保护具有重要意义。在收集流域多年研究资料的基础上,通过水均衡法评价了地下水资源量和构成,剖析了地下水资源及地下水位动态变化特征及其驱动力。结果表明:(1)自20世纪80年代以来,地下水均衡状态由正均衡演变为负均衡,地下水储存量在逐渐减少;地下水资源构成发生了变化,河道渗漏补给量、田间灌溉入渗量及渠系渗漏补给量占总补给量的比例分别由20世纪80年代的23.69%、12.03%、37.74%降低为21世纪10年代的18.36%、11.46%、36.91%,人工开采量占总排泄量的比例增加了42.94%;(2)地下水位动态监测资料表明,地下水位年内动态与河流流量、农田灌溉及地下水人工开采紧密相关,年际动态表明地下水位在过去21年内呈下降趋势,且冲洪积扇地下水位下降速率大于细土平原;(3)渠系硬质化、大面积引河水灌溉以及人工开采的增加是地下水资源量组成改变和地下水位下降的主要驱动力。该研究为玛纳斯河流域地下水资源合理开发利用提供了支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 Groundwater is the main resource of water supply in the piedmont plain area of Manas River Basin, so the study on the dynamic process of groundwater resources in this area is of great significance for guiding the local water resources development and the ecological environment protection. Various basic data are collected to evaluate the quantity and composition of groundwater resources by water balance method and the dynamic characteristics and driving forces of groundwater resources are analyzed. The results show that:(1) since the 1980 s, equilibrium state of the groundwater has evolved from positive balance to negative balance, and the groundwater storage is gradually decreasing; the groundwater resources composition has changed, and the proportion of the river leakage, field irrigation infiltration and canal leakage to total recharge decrease from 23.69%, 12.03% and 37.74% in 1980 s to 18.36%, 11.46% and 36.91% in the decade of the 21 st century, respectively. The proportion of artificial exploitation to total discharge increases by 42.94%;(2) dynamic monitoring data of groundwater level show that the dynamic process of groundwater level in a year is closely related to river flow, farmland irrigation and groundwater artificial exploitation, and the dynamic process for many years shows that the groundwater level has a downward trend in the past 21 years, and the downward rate of the groundwater level in alluvial fan is larger than that in fine soil plain;(3) hardening of canal system, large-scale irrigation throngh river diversion and increase of artificial exploitation are the main driving forces for the change of groundwater resources composition and the decline of groundwater level. This study provides support for the rational development and utilization of groundwater resources in Manas River Basin.更多还原