【摘要】 为探讨聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBAT)材料的全生物降解地膜的降解过程和对作物产量及土壤环境的影响,以PBAT型全生物降解地膜和普通聚乙烯塑料(PE)地膜为处理,在南疆四地州主要棉区和玉米种植区,开展降解地膜大面积应用试验与示范,系统分析了降解地膜的降解性能以及对作物产量、土壤温湿度和土壤养分的影响。结果表明:降解地膜的降解过程为先出现裂纹,然后出现孔洞,最后破碎成小块,中间伴随着地膜变薄、变脆。巴州棉花降解地膜出现碎裂期的时间较阿克苏提前4 d,喀什玉米出现大裂期的时间较和田地区提前7 d;但同一作物不同地区之间降解时间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。降解地膜降解处于诱导期之前,除巴州棉花降解地膜膜下5 cm的平均土温低于PE地膜外,四地州棉花和玉米降解地膜膜下5 cm和10 cm的土壤温湿度均高于PE地膜,但两种地膜的土壤温湿度差异均不显著(P>0.05)。同一地区,降解地膜覆盖下作物收获期和播种前土壤养分略有不同,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。巴州和阿克苏地区降解地膜覆盖下的棉花产量分别较PE地膜提高8.33%和6.48%,喀什与和田地区玉米分别较PE地膜提高3.67%和14.97%,但两种地膜的作物产量差异均不显著(P>0.05)。降解地膜降解性能良好,对土壤水分和温度及作物产量的影响与PE地膜相当,以PBAT型全生物降解地膜代替PE地膜应用于南疆农业生产具有可行性,对作物和土壤环境无显著影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to further explore the full biodegradable plastic mulch film of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)(PBAT)and its effect on crop yield and soil environment, in this study, PBAT biodegradable plastic mulch film and polyethylene(PE)film were selected.An experiment was carried out in the cotton and maize planting areas of Southern Xinjiang. Crop yield and soil temperature, moisture, and nutrient levels were measured. Then, the degradation of PBAT biodegradable plastic mulch film and its effect on crop yield and soil environment were analyzed. The results showed the following. The degradation of PBAT biodegradable plastic mulch film started with small cracks,then small holes grew, and finally the film was broken down into many pieces at the crop harvest stage. The film became more brittle and thinner during the degradation. The fragmentation period of PBAT biodegradable plastic mulch film in the Bazhou area occurred 4 days sooner that in the Akesu area, and the cracking period in the Kashi area occurred more than 7 days ahead of that in the Hetian area, but the differences in the same crop in different regions were not significant(P>0.05). Before the induction period of PBAT biodegradable plastic mulch film, soil temperature and moisture at depths of 5 cm and 10 cm were higher than with the PE film, except for mean soil temperature at a depth of 5 cm in the Bazhou cotton area. There was no significant difference between PBAT biodegradable plastic mulch film and PE film(P>0.05). Under the PBAT biodegradable plastic mulch film, soil nutrients in the same area were slightly different in the early sowing and harvest stages, but the differences were not significant(P>0.05). Compared with the PE film, the cotton yields with the PBAT biodegradable plastic mulch film in the Bazhou and Akesu areas increased by 8.33% and 6.48%, respectively(P>0.05), and the maize yield in the Kashi and Hetian areas increased by 3.67% and 14.97%, respectively(P>0.05). In summary, the degradation of PBAT biodegradable plastic mulch film was good, and the impacts of soil moisture, soil temperature, and crop yield were the same as those with the PE film. PBAT biodegradable plastic mulch film could be applied as a substitute for PE film in agricultural production in Southern Xinjiang, as it had no significant impact on the crop and soil environment.更多还原